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Public finance is an economic activity of the exercisers of socialist state power, which aims to raise, distribute and use financial funds to provide public goods and services and meet the common needs of society. This type of finance conforms to the objective needs of the development of the market economy, and is mainly concerned with meeting the public needs of society and making up for market defects.
The basic characteristics of public finance can be summarized as follows:
1. People's nature: uphold the principle of people-centered, firmly safeguard the main position of the people, and strive to meet the common needs of the masses for a better life. The starting point and end goal of financial work is to conform to and satisfy the broad wishes and fundamental interests of the masses of the people, and to achieve common prosperity for all the people as the goal.
2. Publicity: Committed to providing public goods and services to meet the common needs of the society.
3. Complementarity: play the best function and make up for the defects of the market to promote the harmonious development of society.
4. Coordination: On the basis of taking into account fairness and efficiency, improve the efficiency of financial distribution, and strive to achieve social fairness and justice.
The core of public finance lies in publicity, that is, to meet the public needs of the society and protect the public interests of the society.
2. The mission of China's public finance:
1. Undertake the foundation and important pillar of national governance. As the core component of the national governance system, public finance has multiple responsibilities such as the material foundation, institutional guarantee, policy tools and regulatory means of modern national governance, and plays a basic, institutional and protective role in the process of governance. A series of financial institutional arrangements involved in public finance revenue and expenditure have a profound impact on the operation of the national governance system and the level of realization of national governance goals.
2. Realize the people's yearning for a better life. We will continue to improve people's livelihood and well-being, and ensure that all people have a greater sense of satisfaction, happiness and security in the process of development. Give full play to the regulating and guiding role of public finance in the redistribution of social wealth, and promote social fairness and justice, so as to better serve national development and long-term peace and stability.
3. Coordinate development and security. At present, the global situation is volatile, and mankind is facing many challenges. In terms of coordinating development and security, whether it is strengthening the national system and capacity improvement, or enhancing national economic security, comprehensively improving public safety and security capabilities, and maintaining social stability and security, it is inseparable from the support and guarantee of public finance. Financial security is the foundation of building a first-class line of defense, and it is at the core of the national economic security system. Only by ensuring the safe and steady development of finances can we shoulder the historical responsibility of being the pillar and important foundation of national governance.
4. Promote the building of a community with a shared future for mankind. We will give full play to the key supporting role of public finance in global governance from a global perspective, promote the reform of the global governance system and international order, promote the development of a multipolar world and peaceful development, and contribute China's wisdom. Actively participate in the supply of global public goods and services, integrate the resources of all countries through the "Belt and Road" initiative, achieve the optimal allocation of resources on a global scale, promote international cooperation, and achieve common development goals.
3. The tasks of China's public finance mainly include the following aspects:
1.Serve national governance. Public finance is an important tool for national governance. By building a modern financial system and promoting the modernization of fiscal governance, we will improve the efficiency of fiscal management, so as to effectively strengthen the country's governance capacity and efficiency, and accelerate the realization of the modernization goal of the national governance system and governance capacity.
2.Exercise the function of resource allocation. In the context of the socialist market economy, the market mechanism plays a decisive role in the process of resource allocation, however, the implementation of macroeconomic regulation and control through financial means to achieve efficient allocation of resources and solve the problem of market failure. Through policy tools such as transfer payments and tax incentives, we will support infrastructure construction, stimulate scientific and technological innovation, guide the direction of social capital investment, and promote industrial optimization and upgrading and structural adjustment, so as to promote sustainable economic development.
* Use financial means to provide public goods and services to meet the common needs of society. Education, medical care, social security, environmental protection and other fields are all public goods and services provided by the world, and their goal is to improve people's living standards and quality.
3.Exercise the function of income distribution. In a market economy environment, it is inevitable that there will be a gap in income distribution due to the influence of the market mechanism. Public finance regulates the distribution of income through tax adjustments and transfer payments. For example, by optimizing the individual income tax system and implementing transfer payments to low-income groups, we will ensure that people's basic living needs are met, the income gap is narrowed, and income is reasonably distributed, so as to maintain social fairness and stability. In addition, by providing public services such as education, medical care, and social security, it helps to improve the quality of life and welfare of the people.
4.Exercise the functions of economic stability and development. ** Regulate and control aggregate supply and demand through fiscal policy tools to achieve economic stability and development. By implementing measures such as increasing or decreasing fiscal spending and adjusting tax policies, economic activities will be stimulated or suppressed, thereby promoting economic growth and employment.
5.Perform regulatory duties. ** Use financial means to implement the supervision of economic activities, including the standardization of tax administration and market order, and ensure a fair competition market environment to promote the steady development of the market economy.
Public finance ensures that fiscal funds are more accurately invested in public services by strengthening budget management and promoting fiscal transparency. And through the fiscal, taxation, auditing and other ways to supervise the use of financial funds, improve the efficiency of the use of financial funds and management level.
In short, the missions and tasks of China's public finance are diversified, aiming to play a role in social fairness and justice, meet social public needs, and promote economic stability and development. ** Fiscal management should be strengthened, and the efficiency and management level of fiscal funds should be improved, so as to promote sustained and healthy economic and social progress and improve people's lives.