The fundamental reason for the defeat of the Kuomintang in history was not that the soldiers were not sufficient, the equipment was not good enough, and the generals were not good enough, but that it had lost the support of the people. According to statistics,During the War of Liberation, the Kuomintang surrendered to 1.88 million troops, abandoned the darkness and turned to the light, and there were countless Kuomintang generals who defected to our army.
Among the many Kuomintang generals who defected to our army, four were first-class generals of the National Revolutionary Army. After the founding of the People's Republic of China, they became representatives of national reunification and national unity. So,Who are these four people? And for what reason did they defect to our army?
The Kuomintang army that rebelled and surrendered)
Today, this episode tells you about:Four first-class generals of the Kuomintang who defected to our army in history.
The first Kuomintang army general to abandon the darkness and turn to the lightCheng QianAt the beginning of August 1949, Cheng Qian accepted the peace agreement proposed by our party and led the Kuomintang Hunan garrison to revolt"Peaceful Liberation of Hunan".
Cheng Qian) Cheng Qian's surrender dealt a very painful blow to the Kuomintang that was defeated and retreated to the mainland at that time, because Cheng Qian was a "veteran" figure in the Kuomintang. 1In 905, Cheng Qian followed Sun Yat-sen and joined the predecessor of the Kuomintang, the China League. Cheng Qian participated in the Xinhai Revolution, the Second Revolution, the National Defense Movement, and the ** Movement initiated by Sun Yat-sen, and was the oldest group of generals in the Kuomintang.
In 1922, the Cantonese warlord Chen Jiongming launched a rebellion, during which Cheng Qian has always been a staunch supporter of Sun Yat-sen despite the danger, which made Sun Yat-sen regard Cheng Qian as his confidant. In June 1924, at the beginning of the establishment of the Whampoa Military Academy, Sun Yat-sen once wanted Cheng Qian to serve as the principal of the Whampoa Military AcademyChiang Kai-shek and Li Jishen were vice presidents. Unfortunately, Cheng Qian was reluctant to have a dispute with Chiang Kai-shek at that time, so he missed this opportunity.
After Sun Yat-sen's death of illness in 1925, Cheng Qian was included in the list of 16 members of the National Committee, and since then he has been in the core of the Kuomintang. During the Northern Expedition, Cheng Qian led the Sixth Army to conquer Nanchang and Nanjing. Later, Nanjing became the capital of the Chiang dynasty.
Northern Expedition of the National Revolutionary Army).
However, Cheng Qian, who had profound qualifications and outstanding military achievements, aroused Chiang Kai-shek's suspicions. After the end of the Northern Expedition, Chiang Kai-shek incorporated the Sixth Army under Cheng Qian's command and deprived Cheng Qian of his military power. In June 1928, Chiang Kai-shek suspended the old Kuomintang member who had followed Sun Yat-sen from the party on "trumped-up" charges。From then on, Cheng Qian could only live in Shanghai sullenly temporarily, living in seclusion, always on guard against Chiang Kai-shek's plots against him.
After the outbreak of the September 18 Incident in 1931, Chiang Kai-shek, who felt the crisis of the situation, had to reappoint Cheng Qian. In 1937, after the outbreak of the Anti-Japanese WarCheng Qian was appointed as the commander of the First Theater of Operations, and concurrently served as the chairman of Henan Province, and successively commanded major battles such as the Pinghan Railway Anti-Japanese War and the Battle of Lanfeng。In 1938, Chiang Kai-shek, who was afraid of Cheng Qian's meritorious service on the front line, transferred Cheng Qian back to the rear, which made Cheng Qian very depressed.
Cheng Qian) during his recuperation in Chongqing, Cheng Qian met our party representative *** Cheng Qian has admired *** for a long time, and during the conversation with ***, he regretted that "I was with the wrong person", but *** comforted him"The prodigal son does not change his money, as long as you have the heart, you are still a hero of the people. ”Since then, Cheng Qian has often used his network to protect a large number of imprisoned Communist Party members.
After the full-scale outbreak of the Liberation War in 1946, Cheng Qian, who had always opposed Chiang Kai-shek's civil war, was not transferred to the front, but presided over administrative work in the rear of the Kuomintang region. In August 1949, when Chiang Kai-shek was defeated and fled on the mainland, he let Cheng Qian lead his army to garrison Hunan to resist the Chinese People's Liberation Army. Unexpectedly, Cheng Qian led his troops to revolt in early August 1949, surrendered to the People's Liberation Army, and contributed to the peaceful liberation of most of Hunan.
"Peaceful Liberation of Hunan".
After the founding of the People's Republic of China, Cheng Qian was particularly respected by the leading comrades of our partyHe called Cheng Qian an "old revolutionary" and personally rowed a boat for Cheng Qian to take him to the lake. In 1968, after Cheng Qian's death, ** personally attended Cheng Qian's funeral, and on behalf of the party organization, Cheng Qian was recognized as a revolutionary hero, and Cheng Qian's wife was a revolutionary family.
In the eyes of many generals of the People's Liberation Army, Li Zongren was one of the best generals in the Kuomintang who was good at using troops. In addition,During the War of Liberation, Li Zongren was nominally second only to Chiang Kai-shek's "second-in-command."On the eve of the battle of crossing the river in 1949, Chiang Kai-shek was forced to go into the wilderness, and Li Zongren became the nominal "number one".
In the summer of 1925, Li Zongren cooperated with Bai Chongxi to unify Guangxi and became the new Gui warlord, and the two were collectively known as "Li Bai". In 1926, Li Zongren participated in the Northern Expedition and served as the commander of the Seventh Army of the National Revolutionary Army, during which he made great achievements. Li Zongren's outstanding performance on the battlefield made the Soviet advisers at that time suggest byLi Zongren replaced Chiang Kai-shek as commander-in-chief of the National Revolutionary Army, but was politely declined by Li Zongren.
But what Li Zongren didn't expect was that it was such a foreign friend's evaluation of him that almost killed him. After the end of the Northern Expedition, although Li Zongren repeatedly supported Chiang Kai-shek's decisions, he was still excluded from the decision-making level of the Kuomintang by Chiang Kai-shek. In 1930, Chiang Kai-shek tried to weaken the power of new warlords such as Li Zongren and Yan Xishan in the name of "disarmament", which eventually led to the outbreak of the Great War in the Central Plains.
In November 1930, Chiang Kai-shek became the eventual winner of the Central Plains War, and Li Zongren was forced to nominally accept Chiang Kai-shek's command. In 1931, after the outbreak of the 918 Incident, Li Zongren abandoned the previous suspicion of warlords and paid special attention to the movements of the Japanese armyIn 1936, he published the article "My Proposition-Scorched Earth War of Resistance", pointing out that protracted warfare is the way out for the victory of the Chinese People's War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression in the future.
Battle of Taierzhuang).
On July 7, 1937, after the outbreak of the Anti-Japanese War, Li Zongren was appointed commander of the Fifth TheaterResponsible for guarding Xuzhou, protecting the Jinpu railway line, and guarding the gate of Nanjing, the capital of the Chiang dynasty. In March 1938, the Japanese army invaded Taierzhuang and fought fiercely with the division led by Li Zongren. Eventually,At a cost of 50,000 **, Li Zongren defeated the elite troops of more than 24,000 people of the Japanese Itako DivisionIt achieved the biggest victory on the frontal battlefield of the War of Resistance Against Japan.
Li Zongren's outstanding military exploits on the anti-Japanese front aroused the suspicion of Chiang Kai-shek. In 1943, Li Zongren was transferred by Chiang Kai-shek to the chairman of the Military Commission, and carried out "open promotion and secret surrender", taking away military power. But,Because of the results of the Battle of Taierzhuang and Li Zongren's ability to lead his troops, his prestige in China at that time continued unabated.
Li Zongren who took a commemorative photo in Taierzhuang).
After the end of the Sino-Japanese WarLi Zongren participated in the "deputy ** election" and succeeded, becoming the "second-in-command" nominally second only to Chiang Kai-shek. On the front line of the 1949 Battle of Crossing the River, Li Zongren and Bai Chongxi forced Chiang Kai-shek to temporarily leave the field on the grounds that the war on the front line was unfavorable, and tried to negotiate with our party to end the war at an early date and restore peace. However, due to Chiang Kai-shek's obstruction, the peace talks eventually broke down.
Li Zongren, who was elected as the "deputy **", became a thorn in Chiang Kai-shek's side and a thorn in his flesh. When Chiang Kai-shek was defeated and retreated to the mainland, Li Zongren did not return to Taiwan, but transited through Hong Kong and arrived in the United States. In 1958, when he learned of the willingness of the mainland of the motherland to peacefully unify the two sides of the straitRegardless of his personal safety, he resolutely returned to China in 1965 and was warmly welcomed by the people.
Li Zongren in his later years).
In 1969, Li Zongren died of illness in Beijing, and his ashes were buried in the Babaoshan Revolutionary Martyrs CemeteryIt is one of the few Kuomintang generals whose ashes were buried in the Babaoshan Revolutionary Martyrs Cemetery。**Personally participated in the burial ceremony of Li Zongren's ashes and gave Li Zongren the highest death treatment.
Tang ShengzhiHe participated with Cheng Qian in early August 1949Hunan Peaceful Uprising, is another first-class general of the Kuomintang Army who abandoned the dark and turned to the light.
Tang Shengzhi) Tang Shengzhi was subordinate to the Hunan warlords in his early years, started from Hunan with troops, and was the superior of the founding marshal **. During the Northern Expedition in 1926, Tang Shengzhi was appointed commander of the Eighth Army of the National Revolutionary Army, mainly attacking Hunan. After expelling the Beiyang warlords from Hunan, Tang Shengzhi was appointed chairman of Hunan Province, presiding over local military and political power, and became a veritable "King of Hunan".
After the end of the Northern Expedition,Chiang Kai-shek's Nanjing National** and Wang Jingwei's Wuhan National** occurred**, known in history as the "Ninghan Diversion", and Tang Shengzhi firmly stood on Wang Jingwei's side, against Chiang Kai-shek. The Hunan army under Tang Shengzhi once became a force that Wang Jingwei relied on. Later, Tang Shengzhi was defeated by Chiang Kai-shek and forced to go into the wilderness. In 1930, Tang Shengzhi participated in the Central Plains War against Chiang, and was defeated and went into the field again.
In 1937, after the outbreak of the War of Resistance Against Japan, Tang Shengzhi took the initiative to lead the troops to defend Nanjing. But during the Battle of Nanjing,Tang Shengzhi made a mistake in command, abandoned his troops and fled first, causing the defense of Nanjing to fall into chaos, and it was soon conquered by the Japanese army. For the fall of Nanjing, Tang Shengzhi could not escape the blame。After that, although Tang Shengzhi was not punished by Chiang Kai-shek, he was not reused.
After the full-scale outbreak of the Liberation War in 1946, Tang Shengzhi did not go to the front line, and he was one of the few generals in the Kuomintang who did not have blood on his hands. In 1948, Tang Shengzhi went back and forth in Nanjing, Shanghai and other places, suggesting that Chiang Kai-shek accept our party's proposal and cease the war at an early date, but Chiang Kai-shek rejected and rejected him。In early August 1949, Tang Shengzhi and Cheng Qian led an uprising together, prompting the peaceful liberation of Hunan.
"Peaceful Liberation of Hunan".
After the founding of the People's Republic of China,Tang Shengzhi served as vice chairman of the Hunan Provincial People's Government, vice governor, and member of the National Defense Commission, and was the highest-ranking group of generals among the Kuomintang defectors. In April 1970, Tang Shengzhi died of illness at the age of 81.
The last Kuomintang first-class general to abandon the dark and turn to the light was Chen ShaokuanHe was the only admiral of the National Revolutionary Army who defected to our army, and he was also the commander-in-chief of the navy on the Kuomintang side.
Chen Shaokuan) Chen Shaokuan studied at the Jiangnan Naval Academy when he was young, and served in the Qing Dynasty Naval Division after graduation. After the outbreak of the Xinhai Revolution, Chen Shaokuan joined the National Revolutionary ArmyHe once proposed to Sun Yat-sen and Chiang Kai-shek the plan to divide the country into four major theaters and build 20 aircraft carriers, and became the founder of the blueprint for the development of China's modern navy. Today, Chen Shaokuan's former strategic ideas are gradually becoming reality.
In the 30s of the 20 th century, Chen Shaokuan, as a representative of China, rushed to Britain, Germany and other advanced European countries to conduct naval inspections. 1After the outbreak of the Anti-Japanese War in 937, Chen Shaokuan was urgently transferred back to China to organize the Anti-Japanese War. At that time, China's naval warfare talents were very scarce, Chen Shaokuan led the Chinese Navy at that time, blocked the lower reaches of the Yangtze River, organized the Jiangyin Naval Battle, with mines and gunboats as the main operations, and dealt a heavy blow to the Japanese naval team that invaded the Yangtze River.
After Japan's unconditional surrender on August 15, 1945, Chen Shaokuan rushed to Nanjing to participate in the ceremony of accepting Japan's surrender and presided over the reception of the Japanese Navy ** team in China. But during this period, Chen Shaokuan was once obstructed by the Japanese army, so that the squadron did not fully receive the Japanese navy.
After the full-scale outbreak of the Liberation War in 1946, Chiang Kai-shek repeatedly ordered Chen Shaokuan to lead a fleet to shell the PLA in Shandong on the other side, but Chen Shaokuan sternly refused. Chen Shaokuan believes that the country has just ended the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression, and the vitality of the military and the people has not yet recovered, so how can a civil war be launchedHe also suggested that Chiang Kai-shek build China's aircraft carriers as soon as possible, but Chiang Kai-shek unexpectedly dismissed Chen Shaokuan from all his posts on the grounds of "passive sabotage."
After Chiang Kai-shek's defeat and retreat to Taiwan, the need for coastal defense became increasingly urgentTherefore, he sent secret agent Xu Yi** Houlu many times to invite Chen Shaokuan to enter Taiwan with him, but Chen Shaokuan insisted on refusing. After the founding of the People's Republic of China in 1949, Chen Shaokuan was appointed as a member of the National Defense Committee to contribute to the construction of China's navy.
In 1969, Chen Shaokuan died of illness at the age of 80.
The above is all the content of the four generals who defected to the Kuomintang during the Liberation War. himAs the most outstanding generals in the Kuomintang, they all made the choice to defect to our army, which shows how unpopular the Chiang dynasty wasAnd this is the fundamental reason why Chiang Kai-shek lost the mainland and retreated to Taiwan.