**Defeat, not in the military,** is the least rotten of the people ** The initial stage of the liberation war was not smooth, **in the first two years continued to gain superiority in the frontal battlefield, resulting in the gradual compression of the territory of the liberated areas, and our army fell into a difficult situation. In particular, the situation in the Northeast was very serious for a time, and even ** was ready to go to the Soviet Union for guerrilla warfare. In the Battle of Jining in Datong and the Battle of Zhangjiakou, Fu Zuoyi inflicted heavy losses on our army and captured Zhangjiakou, the largest city of our army in North China, resulting in the severance of land links between our party inside and outside the pass. At that time, the majority of the party believed that they did not have the strength to confront the Kuomintang for the time being, and advocated negotiations with the Kuomintang, and even sent special letters to *** and ** with Huang Kecheng, hoping to resolve it peacefully.
To a certain extent, in the turbulent national system, ** is regarded as a rare clear stream, and the "mobile offensive, brave and composed, and the initiative and resourcefulness of surprise attacks" depicted in their military songs are completely in line with reality. However, war has never been just a military issue, and the main reason why the situation was reversed by our army was that in addition to the military system, other systems of the people generally failed.
1. The organizational system of the national ** is fragmented, and although the national ** is nominally unified, in fact the local forces have long shown a tendency to become feudal towns. Ma Jiajun in the northwest, Long Yun in Yunnan, Liu Xiang in Sichuan, Chen Jiongming in Guangdong, etc., all have their own spheres of power, and they practice the integration of military and government, which is not consistent with the intentions of the people.
This question has always plagued the people**, and although Chiang Kai-shek tried to weaken local power through collusion with Japan, or use local power to consume each other, these tactics were unsuccessful. On the contrary, the local forces soon sensed his intentions and were unwilling to be completely dependent on the people**. It can be said that the reason why the Red Army was able to survive many crises was that, in addition to the military talent of the people, the paralysis of the national organization system was also a key factor. On the contrary, despite the differences within our party, most of the time our organizational system is far more capable of functioning than the people.
Second, the economic system of the national ** is in jeopardy.
Before the outbreak of the Anti-Japanese War, the national ** jurisdiction had the vast majority of modern industry, and the population reached 33.9 billion, compared to only 13.6 billion people, with handicrafts and agriculture as the main pillars of the economy. Although on the surface the economic power of the two seems to be very different, this is not the case.
However, the economic operation capacity of the Kuomintang is obviously insufficient, and the localities lack effective economic management, and they are more inclined to make up for the financial deficit by paying taxes and miscellaneous taxes, resulting in the bankruptcy or suicide of many national capitalists, and even many people choose to defect to the Communist Party.
After the end of the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression, although the people received a large amount of US aid, they failed to effectively resume production, resulting in the economic downturn of the entire Kuomintang region. In contrast, our Party was able to resume production while operating the Tohoku region, and quickly achieved self-economic growth through foreign trade, and was eventually able to produce materials on a large scale to continue to support the development of other regions.
Third, the vulnerability of the national intelligence system has been exposed.
The strength of our party's leading contingent, especially the intelligence system built by Comrade *** himself, has made our party's intelligence collection capability far greater than that of our party. After Dai Li's death, the ** intelligence system has been completely infiltrated by our party.
Although Fu Zuoyi, Du Yuming, and other high-ranking Kuomintang leaders possess outstanding military capabilities, under the influence of our party's intelligence, their movements have never been able to escape our party's surveillance. When Fu Zuoyi's son Fu Dongju was arranged to return to Beiping to visit his father, he was not only closely monitored, but his actions were also reported to ** in a timely manner. There are many similar cases of intelligence infiltration, which makes ** lose the lead on many battlefields. Therefore, even if the military command is excellent, in the case of intelligence leakage, the actual effect on the battlefield will be greatly reduced.
In general, almost all the systems of the national ** have failed, and even if the performance of ** militarily is acceptable, in the case of the failure of the intelligence system, its combat effectiveness is greatly affected. Therefore, no matter how strong the military is, it is difficult to stand alone.