There are still some problems in the practice and system of the entrance examination of physical education majors in colleges and universities in China These problems have had some adverse effects on the training of physical education professionals in colleges and universities, secondary school physical education, and social fairness and justice.
Therefore, it is necessary to study the current entrance examination system of physical education majors in colleges and universities in China. The research methods of literature research, survey method, mathematical statistics, system and policy analysis were used to study the structure, function, social impact, reform and innovation of the current entrance examination system of physical education.
The training of physical education professionals in China has gone through a hundred years of history. From the end of the Qing Dynasty to the Xinhai Revolution in China, the institutions that trained sports professionals were mainly some primary physical education schools, gymnastics schools, normal schools or general gymnastics specialized courses.
Higher physical education in the true sense emerged after the promulgation of the "Nonzi Guichou School System", such as the National Guangdong Higher Normal School's Physical Education Major, Nanjing Higher Normal School's Physical Education Major, and the Sichuan Higher Normal School's Physical Education Major.
The main task of these early specialized courses and the pre-liberation physical education departments and departments was to train physical education teachers. In the second half of 1952, China carried out the first nationwide adjustment of colleges, departments, and majors.
Among the majors in colleges and universities, there is only one kind of major, "physical education", and the first goal of training talents is to train physical education teachers in secondary schools. The Ministry of Education has made the first adjustment of undergraduate majors, and a total of four majors have been set up under physical education, social physical education, sports training, ethnic traditions, and sports human science.
From a global perspective, the focus of the reform of the college entrance examination is the reform of the content and evaluation methods of the examination. The rationality of the setting and proportion of the test items of the sports college entrance examination, especially the storage and disposal of special projects, has attracted extensive attention from scholars in the sports field.
The current admissions examination method has a high degree of authority in terms of objectivity and consistency in reflecting the actual level of candidates. However, with the reform of the education system, especially the transition from physical education to physical health education in schools, the external conditions for adjusting and revising some contents have become more and more mature.
She studied the technical test project for college sports majors, and she thought that it was unreasonable to cancel the special testAnd set up three test programs: physical fitness + special; Physical fitness + form + function test; Physical fitness + function + psychological test.
Jiangxi Province's "4 + comprehensive skills" meter running, standing long jump, in-situ shot put, 800-meter running four physical qualities accounted for 70%, basketball, volleyball, foot three ball games comprehensive skills accounted for 30%) test items set and proportion, unified the test scale, increased the comparability between candidates, can better reflect the fairness and impartiality of the test.
According to the training objectives of different majors in physical education, the proportion of physical fitness and special quality in the total score should be differentiated. The ratio of 8:2 between the total score of physical fitness and the total score of special quality in the technical examination for the admission of physical education majors is appropriate.
The abolition of special tests is not conducive to the fair selection of talents, nor is it conducive to the development of school sports, and it also affects the quality of students. The method of selecting some items for testing cannot comprehensively determine the physical fitness of candidates, and cannot reflect the professional characteristics of candidates in each special project.
At present, the special content is too much and too complicated, and it is difficult to control the disturbance of some undesirable factors in the special examination method, so the special examination can be changed to a sports skills test, and some sports that are available in middle school physical education classes and physical education majors can be examined, so as to promote the comprehensive development of sports skills of candidates and lay a good foundation for professional and technical learning in the future.
The policy orientation of abolishing special technical examinations and the excessively low proportion of special technical weights is not conducive to the selection of truly outstanding sports talents. It is more conducive to the fair and impartial selection of outstanding candidates to change the scores of physical fitness, non-special skills and special skills from the original scores.
The college entrance examination is the abbreviation of the national unified examination for the admission of ordinary colleges and universities. At present, there are different understandings of the concept of the college entrance examination in the field of college entrance examination research and the practice department of the entrance examination.
Some people believe that the college entrance examination includes both college entrance examination activities and college enrollment activities, and is the unity of college entrance examination and enrollment activities.
China's college entrance examination and the admission of new students are highly systematic, these two activities are made by the Ministry of Education to make decisions and deployments, by the local education authorities and their subordinate enrollment *** specific implementation, college entrance examination and admission of new students activities are not separated, so people will be these two closely related activities collectively called "college entrance examination".
Some people also believe that the college entrance examination only refers to the national unified entrance examination for colleges and universities, and does not include the activities of admitting new students. Dr. Luo Lizhu believes that the college entrance examination is an activity used by colleges and universities or social intermediary organizations to measure, screen and evaluate the physical and mental quality level of candidates in order to admit new students.
With the deepening of the reform of the college admissions examination system in China, the department's admissions examination power has begun to be gradually decentralized, and colleges and universities have gained a certain degree of autonomy in enrollment. Colleges and universities may, within the scope permitted by the college entrance examination policy, formulate their own principles and methods for merit-based admission. The United States, the United Kingdom, Japan and other countries have implemented "separation of admissions", and universities have the right to recruit students independently. "Separation of recruitment and examination" is also the direction of the reform of China's college admissions examination system.
Therefore, I agree with the above view that the college entrance examination is the abbreviation of the entrance examination activity of colleges and universities. The college entrance examination activity is a general term for the college admission of new students and the college entrance examination activity.
There is a saying in the society about the sports college entrance examination, and the general people refer to the technical examination for the enrollment of sports majors in colleges and universities organized by provinces, municipalities and districts as the sports college entrance examination.
In the first topic, there are many such references, such as "Physical Fitness Training Methods for Physical Education College Entrance Examination", "Psychological State and Training of Candidates Before Physical Education College Entrance Examination", "Research on Scoring Standards for Physical Education College Entrance Examination", etc., these sports college entrance examinations refer to "college sports major admissions examinations organized by provinces, municipalities and districts."
According to the definition of the concept of the college entrance examination, and with reference to the general understanding of the society and researchers, the concept of "sports college entrance examination" is also used in **. The "sports college entrance examination" mentioned in this study refers to the academic examination for college sports majors organized by various provinces, municipalities and districts.
The entrance examination system for physical education majors is a general term for various rules that restrict the organization and behavior of the physical education major entrance examination and the admission of new students in colleges and universities, including not only the relevant laws and regulations formulated by the state and colleges and universities, but also the informal systems such as moral concepts, values, ethical norms, customs and habits that restrict the entrance examination and admission of physical education majors.
The entrance examination for the physical education major consists of two parts, the cultural examination and the technical examination. The cultural course examination is completed by the national unified examination or the provincial proposition examination, and the proposition must strictly abide by the annual national unified examination syllabus for the enrollment of ordinary colleges and universities prepared by the examination center of the Ministry of Education.
The entrance examination for physical education majors will have a great impact on secondary school physical education, the cultivation of physical education professionals in colleges and universities, and social fairness and justice. Therefore, the examination system for the admission of physical education majors is the focus of this study.
There are uncertainties in the external environment of the entrance examination for physical education majors, such as the good or bad weather and bad atmosphere in society; There are also some uncertainties among internal factors, such as changes in the content of the exam, the performance of competitors, and the ideological and moral level of the examiners.
The current admissions examination system for physical education majors in colleges and universities has made clear provisions on the registration, physical examination, physical education examination, cultural examination, admission and other aspects of the admissions examination, and informed the relevant personnel of the admissions examination in different forms, so that they can act in accordance with the established rules.
Candidates who follow the rules of the admissions test are likely to achieve their desired goals of going to university to the greatest extent possible; The admissions examination staff will act in accordance with the rulesThe college entrance examination and the entrance examination can be successfully completed.
The current admissions examination system of physical education provides a paradigm for the behavior of organizations and individuals in admissions examination activities, which can minimize the uncertainty and unpredictability of behavior in the admissions examination environment, reduce the cost of information collection by organizations and individuals, the organization and management costs and system implementation costs in the examination and admission links, and save transaction costs.
Provide trust for all parties involved in the entrance examination for physical education majors, coordinate interpersonal relationships, prevent and resolve conflicts, and reduce the cost of cooperation and coordination. The entrance examination for physical education majors is a complex system engineering, and there are various interpersonal interactions throughout the activity.
The sports college entrance examination is of great significance to candidates and their families, and there is fierce competition among candidates, so there are many potential contradictions and frictions in the entrance examination. In particular, in the admissions examination, there are many cases where strangers interact with each other, and if the parties do not follow the rules, the interests of the candidates may be damaged.
In order for the new system to work well, there must be a complete and smooth feedback channel, and a benign feedback mechanism must be formed. In the case of system changes, it is necessary to go deep into the examination site, universities, middle schools, candidates and enrollment examination management departments to understand the gap between the operation of the system and the actual benefits and expected benefits after the system change, and timely feedback these situations to the Ministry of Education and provincial enrollment examination departments.
The admissions and examination department should also organize regular briefings to inform all sectors of society about the operation of the system and accept social supervision. The relevant departments of the Ministry of Education should also regularly organize work meetings or seminars on the entrance examination of physical education majors to promote some good experiences and practices. In short, it is necessary to maintain good interaction between the various organizations and groups involved in institutional change, so as to facilitate the benign operation of the new system.