Why do some people disagree with the two fruits introduced by the United States?
In 1858, the Qing Dynasty was forced to sign the Treaty of Tientsin, an unequal treaty full of humiliation. The Treaty of Tientsin consisted of four parts: the Sino-Russian Treaty of Tientsin, the Sino-U.S. Treaty of Tientsin, the Sino-British Treaty of Tientsin, and the Sino-French Treaty of Tientsin.
The signing of this treaty stemmed from the defeat of the Second Opium War, when the Anglo-French forces captured Tianjin, and the Qing Dynasty was forced to sign an unequal treaty with Britain and France. However, Tsarist Russia and the United States did not let China go because of this, and they took the opportunity to force the Qing Dynasty to sign the Sino-Russian Treaty of Tianjin and the Sino-American Treaty of Tianjin, which further exacerbated the economic difficulties of the Qing Dynasty.
These unequal treaties made it easier for the imperialists to dump goods and plunder raw materials in China, dealing a heavy blow to the Qing economy. In the Sino-American Treaty of Tientsin, the Qing Dynasty promised to open treaty ports to the United States and allow American missionaries to preach in China.
In the Sino-French Treaty of Tianjin, Dengzhou (now Penglai District, Yantai) was opened as a treaty port where foreigners could live, do business, and preach. This series of unequal treaties has made China face greater external pressure and challenges.
In 1861, an American missionary named John Livingstone Nevers came to Denzhou. He was not only a missionary, but also a lover of fruit trees, and he brought 16 apple varieties and 12 cherry varieties from the United States, such as apples, large cherries, and grapes, as well as 12 grape varieties to China, all of which came to China for the first time.
His actions had a profound impact on China's fruit industry, and before the founding of the People's Republic of China, local fruit merchants in Yantai erected statues in his honor. Although some are right"The Americans brought apples to our country"The claim is questionable, but according to local historical records in Yantai, this is indeed the first time that John Livingstone Nivis brought these fruits to China.
The old apple trees in the Guangxing orchard in Yantai and some of the old varieties introduced have been preserved to this day. Although it has been more than 150 years since then, the historical records are basically clear, and even if there are errors or omissions, they will not be outrageous.
So, what's controversial on the internet? Why don't some people admit that the apples and cherries were brought by the American Ni Weisi? Actually, this is not a completely wrong statement, just because the online article does not clearly explain the issue of introduction.
When we talk about apples today, we usually refer to commercially cultivated "Western apples", which were brought to China by the American Ni Weisi, and before that, there were no Western apples in China.
However, China had the word "apple" in the Yuan Dynasty, which refers to the "Chinese cotton apple" in China. It is worth noting that the biggest difference between Western apples and Chinese cotton apples is the size, and the size of Western apples is much larger than that of Chinese cotton apples.
Hebei color apples remind everyone that although Western apples were introduced to China by the American Ni Weisi, most of the apples we are talking about now refer to Western apples.
While this statement is not wrong, it is not rigorous enough. Once the problem is understood, the problem of cherries and grapes can be better understood. Similarly, cherries are also divided into two types, East and West.
Our original cherry variety is called "Chinese small cherry", which has been cultivated in China for more than 3,000 years, and it is recorded in the Book of Songs; The cherries introduced by Ni Weisi from the United States are called "European sweet cherries", commonly known as big cherries in China, and "cherries" in recent years.
These two types of cherries are the same as the difference between small Chinese apples and Western apples, one large and one small.
China has apples, cherries and other fruits, but large cherries and Western apples were introduced by the American Ni Weisi. Many of the apples and cherries we eat today are varieties introduced from the United States, such as "Guoguang apple", although many people mistakenly think that it is a Chinese breed, but in fact it was discovered in 1800 at the Caleb Ralls farm in Amherst County, Virginia, USA, and the English name is "Ralls Janet".
Take Huaniu apples as an example"Flower cow"The name of this appellation represents a kind of marshal line of apples introduced from the United States, with the market"American Snake Fruit"belongs to the same category.
Similarly, the Meizao cherry and the Brooks cherry are also varieties introduced from the United States. Historically, after the rise of seafaring civilizations, the exchange and introduction of crops was very common, the United States introduced Chinese plum trees as parents, and New Zealand also introduced Chinese kiwifruit.
Therefore, there is no problem with the introduction of Western apples and large cherries from the United States, all the more so that the Americans themselves brought them. This article was first published in Toutiao"Circle of fruit trees"。