Chinese history is marked by the Song Dynasty, and the dynasties before the Song Dynasty were martial arts, so even if the imperial court weakened at the end of the dynasty, the princes' armies still had elite soldiers and strong generals. Therefore, the change of dynasties before the Song Dynasty was an internal change, and it was never invaded by foreign enemies and perished.As a result, no grassland tribe, no matter how strong it is, can never beat the army of the last generation of any Central Plains Dynasty before the Song Dynasty. Of course, some netizens disagreed with the above conclusion and asked:
What, you dare to say that the Central Plains army before the Song Dynasty was strong at any time, so why was the Western Jin army able to defeat the Western Jin Dynasty during the Wuhu invasion? ”
Then what must be corrected to these netizens is: Wuhu Chaohua is a civil strife, not an invasion!
Only when two countries stand side by side and then one country attacks, that is called an invasion.
However, the vast majority of Wuhu have long lived in the territory of the Western Jin Dynasty and have been under the management and leadership of the Western Jin Dynasty, rather than establishing the country first and then attacking the Jin.
When the Western Jin Dynasty was stunned in the civil war, and when the vitality was greatly damaged, the Wuhu suddenly rebelled, only to catch the Western Jin Dynasty off guard and be defeated for a while.
Regarding the question of whether Wuhu is a civil strife or an invasion, netizens have their own opinions, which is very interesting.
However, the most standard answer remains the case: this is civil strife, not invasion.
In fact, we can know the conclusion from the use of the word "chaos" instead of the word "invasion" in the historical term "five chaotic China".
Distribution map of Wuhu.
It's because of the Eight Kings Rebellion in the Western Jin Dynasty!
The civil war caused by the Rebellion of the Eight Kings consumed all the elite soldiers and strong generals of the Jin Dynasty. Then, the kings of the Western Jin Dynasty began to recruit the Wuhu knights who had been subdued from the Three Kingdoms of the Eastern Han Dynasty and had already become obedient people, slaves, and vassals of the Western Jin Dynasty.
Most of the Wuhu first served as vassal soldiers for the Western Jin Dynasty, helping the kings to fight the civil war, and after fighting, they found that the Western Jin Dynasty had no elite soldiers, and their own vassal soldiers became the main force.
As a result, the Wuhu, which had been oppressed by the Han, Wei, and Jin dynasties for hundreds of years, once broke out, turned around and aimed the blade at the former master, overturning the Western Jin Dynasty, which was the cause of the Wuhu chaos.
The Wuhu Rebellion led to decades of bloody storms in the north, and also brought a heavy catastrophe and disaster to the Han people in the north. However, this is still a rebellion and civil strife, not an invasion by a foreign enemy.
As for the comparison of the combat effectiveness of the Wuhu and Jin armies.
It must be noted that it was only at the beginning that Wuhu defeated the Northern Jin army, which had already lost its elite in the civil war.
The Western Jin Dynasty was indeed caught off guard, and was beaten by the former slaves, and then was forced to move south and became the Eastern Jin Dynasty.
However, after moving south, the Eastern Jin Dynasty gained a firm foothold, and after a whole army and military force, it partially recovered its vitality, and immediately firmly held the Jianghuai defense line, and since then, it has opened the historical curtain of the confrontation between the North and the South.
Who is better in the Southern and Northern Dynasties?
The essence of ancient China was in the north, and the Northern Dynasty was stronger than the Southern Dynasty because it occupied the entire north.
However, the confrontation between the Northern and Southern Dynasties was fundamentally different from the confrontation between the two countries during the Song Liao, Song Jin, and Song and Yuan dynasties. The differences between the two are as follows.
The Song Dynasty Chongwen and light martial arts went to the extreme, and self-emasculated the martial spirit. Therefore, the scholars and doctors of the Song Dynasty were generally afraid of war, afraid of war, and there was a fear of Liao, Jin, and Yuan.
However, the Southern Dynasties, which lost the north, still have the legacy of the two Han Dynasty. As a result, although the total strength of the Southern Dynasty was weaker than that of the Northern Dynasty, it was never afraid of war, and the scholars and doctors of the Southern Dynasty were never afraid of the Northern Dynasty.
The Northern Dynasties had marched southward, and the Southern Dynasties had also made many northern expeditions, and the two sides had won and lost each other, and they fought equally. During this period, the Northern Dynasty of Wuhu could no longer defeat the Southern Dynasty!
Until the rise of the Han military aristocratic group in the north, the Han army re-became the main component of the military power of the Northern Dynasties, which laid the foundation for the later Yang Jian to seize the Northern Zhou Dynasty and the Han Dynasty to re-realize the great unification.
Wuhu refers to the Xiongnu, Qian, Di, Qiang, and Xianbei.
Since the Eastern Han Dynasty, Wuhu has been attached or completely surrendered. The Eastern Han Dynasty was in turmoil, the princes attacked and killed each other, and the Wuhu, as an attached nomadic tribe, of course, also made a rebellion, but it was immediately suppressed by the warlords of Liangzhou, as well as Hebei Gongsun Zhan, Yuan Shao, Cao Cao, etc., and they were submissive.
After the Three Kingdoms, Wuhu has been in the territory of Cao Wei and the Western Jin Dynasty, honestly lying on his stomach as a shunmin, or as a vassal to guard the border for Wei and Jin.
For example, the five Xiongnu, since Cao Cao swept the north, until the rebellion of the eight kings of the Western Jin Dynasty, in the past 100 years, there has never dared to move.
And Xianbei and Karasuma together, for a long time, they have been under the orders of the assassination history of the state, Youzhou and other states, and whenever there is a war, they are obediently serving as cavalry for the Han army.
Most of the people were working as slaves for the nobles and wealthy families of the Wei and Jin dynasties.
Since the Western Han Dynasty, the Diqiang and other ethnic groups have been under the jurisdiction of Liangzhou.
If there was no rebellion of the eight kings, the elite soldiers of the Western Jin Dynasty would not be exhausted, even if they borrowed 800 guts, Wuhu would not dare to give birth to the idea of "chaotic China".
Liu Yuan was a descendant of the Xiongnu Maodun Shan Yu during the Western Han Dynasty, how did they settle in the territory of the Western Jin Dynasty and become Han people?
During the Eastern Han Dynasty, the Han army finally completely subdued the Xiongnu. The Northern Xiongnu fled westward, and the Southern Xiongnu attached themselves to the Han Dynasty.
The Yellow Turban Uprising, Yu Fuluo, the son of Shan Yu of the Southern Xiongnu, was recruited by the Han Dynasty and led the cavalry into the Han Territory to help the court pacify the Yellow Turbans. Unexpectedly, during this period, there was a coup d'état in the Southern Xiongnu, and they could not go back. As a result, Yu Fuluo led his troops to settle in the territory of the Han Dynasty.
During the Dong Zhuo Rebellion, the Eastern Han warlords were in a scuffle, and the Southern Xiongnu, as vassals of the Han army, inevitably participated in the chaos and took the opportunity to plunder. But it was only limited to small fights, and he never dared to give birth to the idea of rebellion.
What are the Five Huns?
After Cao Cao pacified the north, the southern Xiongnu in the Han territory was divided into five divisions, which lived in the Fenshui and Jianshui areas of Jinyang, and each of them was led by the Xiongnu nobles surnamed Liu, but each of them had a Han official as Sima to supervise, which was the five Xiongnu.
Note that Sima is the military position of leading the soldiers, and the military power is in the hands of Han Sima.Later, because of the history of Han and Hungarian harmony in their ancestors, the Southern Xiongnu claimed that they also had Han blood. Starting from Yu Fuluo's sons and nephews, even the names have been changed, and they have all been changed to the surname Liu.
The surname has been changed to Liu, tell me, is it considered Hermes-Epitek?
Liu Yuan is Yu Fuluo's grandson, his father's name is Liu Bao, and by Liu Yuan's generation, he has been surnamed Liu for two generations, which is natural to regard himself as a member of the Han family.
As a Sinicized slave aristocrat, Liu Yuan's generation began to worship Confucianism as a teacher since he was a child, read and learn characters, and also learned Han literature and martial arts.
Liu Yuan entered Luoyang as a proton when he was more than ten years old, when he was still in the Wei State. Wei returned to the Jin Dynasty and served as an official in the Jin Dynasty. He knows the art of war, is good at reading, can write well, and can write well; It is also quite insightful and famous, and there are many famous people of the Wei and Jin dynasties who make friends with it.
Liu Yuan was also an official in the Jin Dynasty, and served as the governor of the northern region, and he was strict in his tenure, and he kept the local public order in order. In short, before the Rebellion of the Eight Kings, no matter how you look at Liu Yuan, he doesn't look like a son of a Xiongnu Shan Yu.
If there was no rebellion of the eight kings in the Jin Dynasty, Liu Yuan would be a loyal and diligent Xiongnu Western Jin Dynasty intellectual, excellent **.
How did Liu Yuan rise?
When the Eight Kings Rebellion began, Liu Yuan was still honest. It was not until the later period that after Sima Ying defeated Sima Yi, Liu Yuan was appointed as the captain of the Tun cavalry. At this time, Liu Yuan began to lead the troops.
Sima Yue, the king of the East China Sea, and others supported Emperor Hui of the Jin Dynasty and conquered Sima Ying, Liu Yuan served as the first auxiliary general, and was responsible for the defense of Beicheng for Sima Ying, and made a lot of military achievements. When the Sixth Army of Emperor Hui of Jin was defeated, Sima Ying appointed Liu Yuan as the champion general and named Lu Nubo.
At this time, Liu Yuan gained Sima Ying's great trust.
However, soon after, Sima Teng, the assassin of Bingzhou, united with the Anbei general Wang Jun and raised an army to attack Sima Ying again.
Heavy cavalry during the Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties.
The soldiers and horses of the two towns of Youhe are known for their elite warfare, and Sima Teng and Wang Jun also have a large number of recruited Xianbei and Karasuma Raiders under their command.
Xianbei Karasuma, at that time, was still a working boy under the command of the Western Jin Dynasty.Sima Ying was very worried about this, for fear that his troops would not be able to defeat the Second Town Xiaocai.
In this way, Liu Yuan's opportunity came, and he persuaded Sima Ying to allow him to return to the five Xiongnu and recruit the five cavalry to help in the war.
Liu Yuan also swore that as long as the five Xiongnu were summoned, Sima Teng would be destroyed with the strength of the second division, and then Wang Jun would be killed with the strength of the third division, and the heads of the two would be hung at the head of Yecheng City.
Sima Ying was very happy when he heard this, so he appointed Liu Yuan as the military minister of Shan Yu and the military minister in the north, and asked him to hurry back and organize soldiers and horses to come to help in the war.
The five Xiongnu have been divided and ruled by the Wei and Jin dynasties for nearly a hundred years. Why divide and conquer? The purpose is; We can't let them form a joint force.
But from the moment Liu Yuan returned to the Xiongnu tribesmen, the five departments were one!
And Liu Yuan finally officially had the power to command the five Xiongnu. Sima Yi is a genius in the world, but he probably never imagined that his children and grandchildren would be so unscrupulous and stupid.
Liu Yuan, who had been in the court for decades, returned to the Kuannu people, and was immediately supported by his relatives as Dadanyu, and in 20 days, he gathered 50,000 soldiers and set the capital in Lishi (now Lishi, Shanxi).
However, after Liu Yuan became self-reliant, he still wanted to abide by the agreement at the beginning, and wanted to take out 20,000 elite infantry to help Sima Ying fight. But it was strongly opposed by his uncles and brothers of the same clan!
Is the Wuhu Rebellion an invasion from outside or an internal rebellion? It's all in the following paragraph of Liu Xuan's exhortation to this abyss.
Hearing that Liu Yuan still wanted to send troops to fight for the Jin Dynasty, Liu Xuan and the others were anxious and resolutely dissuaded:
The Jin Dynasty was mediocre, they treated us like slaves, so Liu Meng, the king of Youxian, was very angry, unbearable resentment, and wanted to make a difference, but the Jin Dynasty was strong at that time, and before the big thing was done, the King of Youxian was killed by the Jin Dynasty, which is a shame for you alone. Now that Sima's father and son are killing each other, this is the heavens disgusted with the immorality of the Jin Dynasty, and it is also awarding the world to us ......Xianbei and Karasuma can be used as a help for us to achieve great things, how can you help the Jin Dynasty fight them? ”
Liu Xuan also advised Liu Yuan that he should take advantage of the weakening of the Jin Dynasty to immediately set up an anti-Jin banner, and he continued to say to this Yuan:
Now it is God who wants to destroy Jin by our hand, and we cannot disobey it. If it is against the will of heaven, it is not auspicious, and if it is against the will of everyone, it will not be able to achieve a career. Heaven has given us the opportunity, and if we do not accept it, we will be condemned by God. I hope you don't hesitate any longer. ”
These words completely dispelled Liu Yuan's idea of continuing to serve the Jin Dynasty, so he officially proclaimed himself king.
However, Liu Yuan, the king, is too interesting.
Liu Yuan said: "I am the nephew of the Liu family of the Han Dynasty, and my ancestor once made an appointment with the Han Dynasty as brothers, Han is the elder brother, and the Xiongnu is the younger brother. But the elder brother perished, and we, who are younger brothers, should inherit our brother's business. ”
As a result, Liu Yuan proclaimed himself the King of Han, and took Liu Bei and Liu Chan of the Three Kingdoms as his ancestors, and also posthumously recognized and respected Liu Chan, the queen of Shu Han, and posthumously respected him as Emperor Xiaohuai. and appointed Liu Xuan as the prime minister, Cui You as the imperial historian, Liu Hong of the clan as the imperial captain, and Cui You as the imperial historian.
As a result, the five Xiongnu under the leadership of Liu Yuan took the first step in the five chaos of China!
However, after looking at this period of history, it can also be clearly concluded that Wuhu Chaohua cannot be defined as an invasion, but as a great internal rebellion of the oppressed for a long time.