The bison is a species that exhibits diverse ecological habits and unique population characteristics on a global scale.
From the dense forests of Europe to the vast grasslands of the Americas to the alpine valleys of Asia, each species of bison adapts to its own ecology with its own survival strategy.
The European bison, the flagship species of the forest ecosystem, exhibits a herd living habit.
Their social structure is rich and diverse, and the range of territories is divided according to the age and gender of the individual, and mature males can even occupy a vast territory, up to tens of square kilometers.
They feed on young twigs and leaves, tree bark and small shrubs, revealing their high adaptability to the forest environment.
The American bison, the king of the North American prairies, once had a large number of ethnic groups, but encountered great challenges in historical changes.
Despite this, the American bison still maintains the tradition of living in packs, and is large and tightly structured, showing a strong social dependence.
They feed mainly on a variety of herbaceous plants, which effectively shape and maintain the balance of grassland ecosystems.
As for the Indian bison, also known as the white-limbed bison, it is known for its distinctive white hair feature on the lower part of its limbs.
They migrate vertically as the seasons change, adjusting their living areas in response to climate change.
Indian bison also prefer to live in groups, but the herd size is relatively small and more flexible, usually consisting of females and their young in family units, roaming a wide living area with no fixed residence, which fully reflects their high adaptability to complex geographical environments.
In summary, bison populations in different regions not only have their own distinct living habits, but also form unique population characteristics in the process of reproduction, vividly demonstrating the wisdom and diversity of organisms endowed by nature.