In the long history of feudal dynasties in China, many "delusional people" have emerged.
Although these people's own level and ability are very limited, they have extraordinary "courage" and unattainable "goals" in life, so that they dare to put this into action when there is nothing. But often, the endings of these "delusional people" are unusually tragic, and without exception, they are all nailed to the pillar of shame in history and laughed at by future generations.
Zeng Jing, the "down-and-out teacher" during the Yongzheng Dynasty, is a typical representative of this.
As a rural teacher, he dared to "form his own theory" just by virtue of a book with the idea of "opposing the Qing Dynasty and restoring the Ming Dynasty" and the gossip spread by Yongzheng's former political enemies, not only for listing Yongzheng's so-called "ten major crimes", but also instigating Yue Zhongqi, who had a heavy army at that time, to rebel.
In the face of such a "delusional person", Yongzheng still gave tolerance and saved Zeng Jing's life, but after Yongzheng's death, the successor Qianlong Emperor did not choose to let Zeng Jing go, and then executed Ling Chi.
Zeng Jing was like this, and finally paid a painful price for his "arrogance".
on the Internet).
Zeng Jing, a native of Yongxing County, Hunan, Qing Province, is called Mr. Putan, who makes a living by teaching, and is pedantic and unrealistic by nature, likes to talk about Song and Ming Dynasty science, and respects Cheng Yi, Zhu Xi and others.
In fact, the reason why Zeng Jing has such a character is largely due to the environment in which she lives.
It is precisely because of his growth, life and countryside that he has long been in a state of "only reading the books of sages and sages", and the channels for contact and understanding of external things are very limited, and the cultural level of the people around him is generally not very high, or even far inferior to him, which directly leads to his pedantic, blind, arrogant, and arrogant character characteristics.
At the same time, apart from teaching, Zeng Jing's learning and learning have no other use, which also makes him only know how to talk highly, and no other skills to govern the world.
on the Internet).
Under such circumstances, the two "currents of thought" had an extremely important impact on Zeng Jing.
One is Lu Liuliang's idea of "opposing the Qing Dynasty and restoring the Ming Dynasty".
Lu Liuliang was a thinker in the late Ming and early Qing dynasties, although he did not have as prominent fame and influence in later generations as Huang Zongxi, Gu Yanwu and Wang Fuzhi, but at that time, he also had many followers, especially his "Huayi Debate" and "Anti-Qing Restoration of Ming" ideas and his behavior of "refusing to become a monk" were respected by many people.
When Zeng Jing was taking the examination in Jingzhou Mansion that year, he happened to read an article written by Lu Liuliang, and thus accepted his views such as "the defense of Yixia". After that, in order to have a deeper understanding of Lu Liuliang's doctrine, Zeng Jing sent his protégé Zhang Xi to Lu Liuliang's home in Zhejiang to visit books. At that time, Lu Liuliang had died of illness, and his son Lu Yizhong donated all Lu Liuliang's works to Zhang Xi.
After Zeng Jing obtained Lu Liuliang's work, he summarized and refined the core ideas in it, and compiled it into a booklet called "Zhixinlu", forming his own set of ideological propositions of "opposing the Qing Dynasty and restoring the Ming Dynasty".
"The Central Plains is sinking, Yi Di is taking advantage of the void, stealing artifacts, and the universe is overturned. "The distinction between Huayi is greater than that of monarchs and ministers, and Huazhi and Yi are the boundaries between people and things. ”So Zeng Jing began to hold high the banner of "Yixia Defense" and preached and lectured everywhere.
on the Internet).
The second is the rumors spread by Yongzheng's political enemies.
In the fourth year of Yongzheng (1726), Yongzheng, whose throne was already secure, began to carry out the most severe liquidation and revenge on his political enemies and brothers who participated in the "Nine Sons to Seize the Inheritance".
And it is these people who were exiled by Yongzheng, in the process of their distribution and exile, who constantly spread all kinds of "rumors" of Yongzheng, such as Yongzheng's usurpation, cruelty to brothers, insatiable greed, etc., portraying Yongzheng as a generation of "tyrants", coupled with the continuous "adding oil and vinegar", making Yongzheng's image of the people plummet.
As Yongzheng said in the future:
"Zeng Jing waited in the countryside, confused by rumors. The people who fabricated and slandered were actually the murderers and eunuchs under the Black Gate of Aqina and Seth, who were sent to Guangxi for their crimes, and they were resentful and made evil words, which were spread all the way, and now they have been confirmed. ”
on the Internet).
And Zeng Jing is convinced of what these people say, and after his summary and processing, he summarized Yongzheng's "crimes" into ten, namely.
"Seeking a father, forcing a mother, killing brothers, slaughtering brothers, greedy for money, good for killing, alcoholism, lewdness, loyalty, and control. ”At the same time, Zeng Jing also described Yongzheng as a "rare tyrant in history", as a propaganda and dissemination, encouraging the vast number of Han people to unite to overthrow Yongzheng and overthrow the entire Qing Dynasty.
on the Internet).
Now that he has "thoughts", Zeng Jing began to put them into action.
In the sixth year of Yongzheng (1728), Zeng Jing sent his student Zhang Xi to Yue Zhongqi's camp with his own letters, and while listing Yongzheng's "crimes", he also reminded Yue Zhongqi not to forget his identity as a descendant of Yue Fei, the "anti-gold hero", and should focus on national righteousness and raise troops against the Qing Dynasty.
Of course, Yue Zhongqi was not "stupid" enough to do such a rebellious thing just by relying on the "nonsense" of a teaching gentleman, so he played the whole incident to Yongzheng along with Zeng Jing's letter, and Zeng Jing was immediately arrested by Yongzheng and returned to Beijing for interrogation.
And this is the very famous "Zeng Jing Reverse Case" during the Yongzheng Dynasty.
on the Internet).
After being arrested and imprisoned by Yongzheng, Zeng Jing confessed to his previous behavior, and took the initiative to admit that he had the idea of "opposing the Qing Dynasty and restoring the Ming Dynasty", and also admitted that he wrote a letter to Yue Zhongqi to encourage him to rebel.
At this time, Zeng Jing, at least in terms of spirit and integrity, is still remarkable, he dares to admit what he has done, and he is willing to take responsibility for it. You must know that "rebellion" was a heinous crime in the Qing Dynasty, and the punishment was quite harsh and cruel, according to the "Qing Dynasty Laws":
"Anyone who conspires against rebellion or great rebellion, but conspires, will be executed regardless of the head and subordinate. Grandfathers, fathers, sons, grandchildren, brothers, and cohabitants were all beheaded at the age of 16 and above. If the wife or concubine of the mother and daughter is under fifteen and the wife and concubine of the sister and the son, the family of the meritorious person shall be enslaved. ”Perhaps Zeng Jing at this time really wanted to achieve the "good name" of his generation of "anti-Qing righteous warriors", but Yongzheng did not give him this opportunity.
on the Internet).
Yongzheng's attitude and performance towards the "Zeng Jing Reverse Case" in history are actually quite similar to the interpretation in the TV series "Yongzheng Dynasty".
Yongzheng did not embarrass Zeng Jing excessively, nor did he use heavy punishment, but chose to interrogate Zeng Jing in person to understand the truth of the matter. And after Zeng Jing confessed everything, he did not punish Zeng Jing and others in accordance with the "Laws of the Qing Dynasty", but kept them by his side, allowing Zeng Jing to carefully observe his actual situation, which can be said to be "showing up" to puncture Zeng Jing's so-called "Yongzheng Ten Sins". Of course, many of them are Yongzheng's "performances", which are deliberately made for Zeng Jing to see.
As a result, under Yongzheng's extremely unexpected move, Zeng Jing completely "turned black" and became a "little fan brother" of Yongzheng, and he regretted his previous wrong thoughts and behaviors.
on the Internet).
So in such a situation, Yongzheng did three things.
First of all, Yongzheng severely punished Lu Liuliang, the core influential figure of Zeng Jing's ideological advocacy.
Although Lu Liuliang has been dead for many years, he was still killed by Yongzheng, his family and students**, or executed, or exiled, and all of Lu Liuliang's works were destroyed. This also became the largest "** case" during the Yongzheng Dynasty, and also left the legend of Lu Liuliang's orphan Lu Siniang.
on the Internet).
Secondly, Yongzheng personally compiled the "Mystery of the Great Righteous Jue" and issued it to the whole country.
"It is promulgated in all provinces, states, counties, and remote areas of the world, so that the scholars and the small people of the countryside can know it, and order each to store a volume in the school palace, so that everyone can read and know about it in the future. If anyone who has not seen this book and has not heard of my decree, I will find out at any time, and the provincial academic administration and the county instructor will be severely punished. ”Yongzheng's original intention in compiling this book was to refute Zeng Jing's so-called "ten major crimes", and to clarify Zeng Jing's accusations and folk rumors about his "crimes" of "seeking his father, forcing his mother, killing his brother, slaughtering his brother, greedy for money, being eager to kill, drunkenness, lewdness, loyalty, and being charged". However, this kind of action, which is almost "there is no silver three hundred taels here", undoubtedly portrays things more and more black, and finally has the opposite effect, and has become the most "confused" thing Yongzheng has done in his life.
on the Internet).
Again, it is to exempt Zeng Jing from his sins, and let him go to the people to preach the "Mystery of the Great Righteousness".
In Yongzheng's view, the fault of Zeng Jing and others is only.
"The people who are delirious in the countryside are not a big problem. ”Therefore, he was not severely punished, but after seeing Zeng Jing repenting, he was re-"reused", making him the "propaganda promoter" of "The Mystery of Dayi Jue", and let him publicize what Yongzheng saw, heard, thought, and thought during his stay in the palace.
As a result, in the next few years, Zeng Jing traveled between the southern provinces, and while "touring" the "Mystery of Dayi Jue", he did not forget to carry out the *** of Yongzheng until the death of Emperor Yongzheng in the thirteenth year of Yongzheng (1735), and this work was not over. During this period, Zeng Jing's performance can definitely be described as conscientious.
on the Internet).
In stark contrast to Zeng Jing's "lucky" ending, Yue Zhongqi almost died because of it.
In the tenth year of Yongzheng (1732), Yue Zhongqi's subordinates encountered a sneak attack in Hami and suffered a "small defeat", but with Yongzheng's hints and support, the ministers of the DPRK and China began to go crazy ** Yue Zhongqi.
In this way, Yue Zhongqi was dismissed from his post and convicted, and was also sentenced to "beheading", and later Yongzheng remembered his merits and the identity of "Yue Fei's descendant", changed it to "beheading the prison marquis", and then put him in prison until Yongzheng died, and was not released.
on the Internet).
In fact, the reason why Yongzheng wants to treat Yue Zhongqi, who has made outstanding achievements, actually has a very close relationship with the "Zeng Jing Rebellion Case".
Yongzheng is worried that the "Zeng Jing Rebellion Case" will not be just a case, and there is still a possibility of it happening in the future. After all, Yue Zhongqi is the descendant of the "national hero" Yue Fei, and he has a large number of troops in his hands, but anyone who wants to "oppose the Qing Dynasty and restore the Ming Dynasty" will think of Yue Zhongqi. If after this, more and more people really persuade Yue Zhongqi to rebel, then no one dares to guarantee that Yue Zhongqi will not raise troops under repeated persuasion and interests, and even under the inspiration of national righteousness.
In addition, Yue Zhongqi is different from Nian Qianyao, who was born in the Han Army and has a kinship with Yongzheng, he is a complete "Han", so Yongzheng has to guard against him.
Therefore, taking down Yue Zhongqi and imprisoning him in this way can also be regarded as a way for Yongzheng to "prevent trouble before it happens", and Zeng Jing's previous behavior undoubtedly gave Yongzheng a wake-up call, making him let go of his trust in Yue Zhongqi and turn to vigilance.
It can be seen that Yue Zhongqi was completely "pitted" by Zeng Jing.
on the Internet).
At the same time as promulgating the "Mystery of the Great Righteous Jue", Yongzheng also left a will to "protect" Zeng Jing:
"In the future, children and grandchildren shall not be held accountable for punishment. ”However, with the death of Yongzheng in the thirteenth year of Yongzheng (1735), the successor Qianlong Emperor did not intend to let Zeng Jing go, the reason is because of this "Records of the Great Righteous Jue". As mentioned above, "The Mystery of Dayi Jue" did not make Yongzheng's image of the people better, nor did it realize the justification of various folk rumors, but the whole thing "became darker and darker", which caused an extremely negative effect.
These were all seen by Qianlong and remembered in his heart, so when he had just ascended the throne, he issued an order to stop the preaching of "The Mystery of Great Righteousness" and take it back.
"The Great Righteous Jue Mystery Record, according to the Shangshu Xu Ben's request, stop its explanation. He issued the original book and wrote the Governor's Hui Gift Department. ”on the Internet).
Of course, Qianlong did not forget Zeng Jing, the "initiator" of all this, if it were not for the bad influence of his ideas and views, Yongzheng would not have done such a "confused" thing.
As a result, Qianlong did not continue to "protect" Zeng Jing in accordance with Yongzheng's previous will, but re-arrested him on the charge of "slandering the first emperor", and Zeng Jing and Zeng Jing, including Zhang Xi, who had previously sent a letter to Yue Zhongqi, were all executed.
In this way, Zeng Jing paid the price of his life for all his previous "arrogant" behaviors, and his ** also suffered with him.
on the Internet).
Throughout Zeng Jing's life experience, he is quite similar to Hong Xiuquan, the founder of the "Taiping Heavenly Kingdom" in the last years of the Qing Dynasty.
The two of them, one is a down-and-out teacher, and the other is a showman who has failed to make the list, both of whom are extremely dissatisfied with the status quo. And they all acquired new ideas by accident, Zeng Jing absorbed Lu Liuliang's idea of "opposing the Qing Dynasty and restoring the Ming Dynasty", and Hong Xiuquan accepted the teachings of the ** religion, so they also formed their own views and thoughts, spread them, and began to implement them in the "anti-Qing" action. It's just that compared with Hong Xiuquan, Zeng Jing is more like "self-absorption" and "self-entertainment", and her influence and appeal are far from being comparable to the "Taiping Heavenly Kingdom" created by Hong Xiuquan.
And this highlights the essence of Zeng Jing as a "delusional person", that is, excessive pedantic, blindness, arrogance, arrogance, completely ignoring his own strength and influence, and in the case of unpreparedness, he dares to put his ideas into action without scruples, and the final result can only be to harm others and himself.
In this way, Zeng Jing paid a painful price for his "arrogant words" and "arrogant actions", and he became the laughing stock of history and was disdained by future generations.
on the Internet).