Cai Wenji, Li Qingzhao, Zhuo Wenjun, and Shangguan Wan'er (or Ban Zhao) are known as the four talented women in ancient China.
Among them, Shangguan Wan'er and Banzhao are equal, there is you without me, and there is nothing to do with me. Runyang thinks it's better to call the five talented women. These five women are as beautiful as an orchid and more talented than immortals.
Cai Wenji was born in a famous family, she is a famous minister of the Eastern Han Dynasty, a writer, calligrapher, and the daughter of Cai Yong, the marquis of Gaoyang Township. The name Yan, the word Wenji.
She has been very bright since she was a child, she can read the piano at the age of six, her calligraphy has been passed on by her father at the age of twelve, she is familiar with poetry, calligraphy, etiquette and music at the age of fourteen, and the "Poem of Grief and Indignation" created at the age of thirty is the first autobiographical five-character long narrative poem in China.
Although Cai Wenji is talented, she has a bad fate.
1.He lost his mother and fled when he was young.
When Cai Wenji was young, the family was exiled, Cai's mother died, and Cai Wenji and her father depended on each other. After 10 years on the run, after suffering, he finally returned to Chenliu County.
2.Youth widowhood.
After returning to his hometown, Cai Yong devoted himself to writing, and Cai Wenji was waiting to be married.
Cai Yong was coerced by Dong Zhuo and forced to enter the court as an official. Cai Yong has reached the pinnacle of his life, and has successively served as the Imperial History, the Imperial History, the Shangshu, the Shizhong, and the Zuo Zhonglang General.
Cai Wenji married Wei Zhongdao, the son of a famous family. Wei Zhongdao is an outstanding young talent, and after marriage, the two are harmonious and love each other.
However, God is jealous. A year later, Wei Zhongdao contracted tuberculosis and passed away. Wei's mother attributed all her son's death to Cai Wenji, saying that she had no children and no husband.
In the Wei family, Cai Wenji was abused and abused by her mother-in-law every day, and she wrote to her father to tell her father that she wanted to go home. However, Cai Yong asked Cai Wenji to be filial to her in-laws and spend the rest of her life in the Wei family in her reply.
She Cai Wenji saw that her father did not agree to go home by herself, so she secretly returned to Chen Liu's hometown with the dowry.
3.My father died unjustly in prison.
As the saying goes, prosperity must decline, and soon after Dong Zhuo's death, Wang Yun detained Cai Yong to Tingwei for questioning. In the end, Cai Yong died unjustly in prison.
Cai Wenji suffered the death of her husband and father at a young age.
Cai Wenji wrote down sadly: "I didn't do anything at the beginning of my life, after I was born, Han Zuo declined, the sky was unkind and chaotic, and the earth was unkind to make me at this time".
4.Exiled to the Huns.
Two years after his father's death, the Southern Xiongnu took the opportunity to rebel and plunder, and Cai Wenji was taken captive by the Xiongnu Zuoxian King. The situation at that time was "".HorsesThe head of the man is hung on the side, and the woman is carried behind the horse". Cai Wenji was plundered to the Xiongnu in this way.
In the bitter cold wind and the yellow sand in the sky, she had to marry King Zuoxian. She lived in the north for twelve years and gave birth to two children.
5.Wen Ji returned to Han.
Cao Cao Su and Yong Shan, bitter that he had no heir, sent a messenger to redeem him with gold, and remarried in the (Dong) ceremony. ”
Cao Cao had a good relationship with Cai Yong, and mourned that Cai Yong had no heirs. After discovering that Cai Yong's daughter Cai Wenji was not in Queen Zuoxian, Cao Cao sent someone to ransom Cai Wenji with a lot of money. and let Cai Wenji marry Dong Ci.
Although Cai Wenji misses her hometown day and night, she is still reluctant to leave her children and return to her hometown. She wrote "Eighteen Beats of Hu Ji", expressing her tragic experience of being exiled in the war, homesickness, and returning to Han with no son.
After returning to the Central Plains, Cai Wenji wrote more than 400 books in his father's collection and made outstanding contributions to cultural undertakings.
At the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty and the beginning of Cao Wei, it was an era full of blood and tears, an era full of grief and pain, and an era of competing for hegemony and competing for the Central Plains. This is a world that belongs to men, but Cai Wenji sang the notes of the times.
Li Qingzhao, known as Yi'an Jushi, is an outstanding female writer in the Southern Song Dynasty and a native of Zhangqiu Mingshui. Her lyrics are unique, and she also writes poetry and writing, which has written a strong stroke in the history of Chinese literature. Her talent is as bright as the moon, illuminating the sky of the Southern Song Dynasty literary circle.
1.Born in a famous family, few talents.
Li Qingzhao was born in a scholarly family and lived a prosperous life, and his father Li Gefei was one of the four scholars of Sumen.
Li Qingzhao's childhood life was very happy. This can be seen in her early poems. At the age of 16, she wrote the poem "Like a Dream: Last Night's Rain and Storm", which was widely recited for future generations. As soon as this poem came out, it caused a sensation in the entire Jingshi, "At that time, the scribes were all rewarded by the festival, and there was no one who was able to do the Tao."
2.After marriage, she was in harmony with her husband.
After Li Qingzhao got married, she and her husband Zhao Mingcheng had common interests and hobbies, they wrote poems and lyrics, and worked together to collect and sort out calligraphy and paintings.
3.After her husband died, Li Qingzhao remarried and divorced.
After the fall of the Northern Song Dynasty, Li Qingzhao and her husband went into exile in the south. After her husband died, Li Qingzhao remarried and ran into the scumbag Zhang Ruzhou.
Li Qingzhao would rather endure prison than sue the scumbag and divorce.
After the divorce, Li Qingzhao was sentenced to prison.
With the help of friends, Li Qingzhao was released from prison after nine days in prison.
4.Good wine and good betting.
Among the male poets, the best wine is Li Bai. Among the female lyricists, Li Qingzhao is the one who is good at wine. Wine is often featured in her works, and 28 poems are related to wine. Either write about being slightly drunk or writing about a hangover.
Li Qingzhao is still a gambler. "Jin Shi Lu Afterword"., she said: Because she has a super memory, she and her husband Zhao Mingcheng played the game of "gambling books".
They often use a competition to decide the order of drinking tea, one asks how many pages and lines of a certain allusion is from which book and which volume, and the other party answers that he drinks it first. Sometimes some people will play tricks, flirt and scold, compete for tea, and will knock over the tea, so that the house is full of tea.
Nalan Xingde's "gambling books are consumed with the fragrance of tea" is an allusion to Li Qingzhao.
Li Qingzhao not only gambles on tea, she also gambles money. Not only gambling, but she also wrote a book about her gambling experience, called"The Book of Horses"., she also wrote an article "Horse Fu". The ancient chess game of horse chess has been preserved in its entirety thanks to Li Qingzhao's book.
Li Qingzhao said that he "never missed" in horse fighting, and he was just good at it.
5.Versatile and prolific.
Li Qingzhao is versatile, not only excellent in poetry, but also a literary critic. She put forward the statement that the word "other family" in the "Theory of Words" was an important word theory in the Song Dynasty, and also became the theoretical basis for her word creation.
In the thirteenth year of Shaoxing (1143), Li Qingzhao collated Zhao Mingcheng's posthumous work "Jinshi Lu" and entered the court.
Li Qingzhao's style is mainly graceful, and it is a large sect, known as "graceful words". Shen Qian's "Miscellaneous Words" mentioned Li Qingzhao and Li Houzhu together: "Li Houzhu in the male middle school, Li Yi'an in the female middle school, is very true to the line." ”
His works include "Li Yi'an Collection", "Yi'an Jushi Anthology" and "Yi'an Ci" have been dispersed. Later generations have "Shuyu Collection" and "Shuyu Ci". Today, there is "Li Qingzhao Collection". Li Qingzhao is the person with the most surviving works among the four talented women.
Zhuo Wenjun, formerly known as Wenhou, was a native of Linqiong (now Qionglai County, Sichuan Province) in the Western Han Dynasty, and was the daughter of the grandson of the wealthy Zhuo Wang in Linqiong, Sichuan. One of the four talented women of ancient China.
1. One of the four talented women in Shuzhong.
Zhuo Wenjun, born in a family of iron smelters, is naturally beautiful, delicate as a flower, and talented, proficient in music, good at playing the piano and singing.
When he was young, Zhuo Wenjun and a son of an official eunuch set a lifelong event.
Zhuo Wenjun was seventeen years old, the two tied the knot, but the good times did not last long, soon after the marriage, her husband died, and Zhuo Wenjun returned to her parents' home alone.
At a banquet held at home, Zhuo Wenjun met Sima Xiangru, and the two fell in love, and in the end, they chose to elope, bravely pursue true love, and became husband and wife.
However, when Sima Xiangru became famous, he began to be distracted and wanted to abandon Zhuo Wenjun. Zhuo Wenjun was angry, splashed ink, and wrote a touching "Poem of Resentment". After Sima Xiangru read it, he felt guilty, learned from the pain, and finally changed his mind and reconciled with Zhuo Wenjun.
Zhuo Wenjun is not only beautiful, but also a talented woman. Her masterpieces such as "Baitou Yin" and "Farewell Book" have been passed down through the ages and are deeply loved by future generations. The story of her and Sima running like a night is even more widely spread and has become a good story of folklore, which has been used as a material for later generations and operas.
In addition, Zhuo Wenjun's distant mountain eyebrow makeup was all the rage in the Tang and Song dynasties, and became a fashion that women vied to imitate at that time. According to the "Xijing Miscellaneous Records" written by Liu Xin of the Western Han Dynasty, Zhuo Wenjun's eyebrows are slender and curved like distant mountains, and the color is light and elegant, and he was praised as "distant mountain eyebrows" by the people of the time.
The story of Zhuo Wenjun is not only a love legend, but also a hymn to women's independence and freedom. She won the respect and praise of the world for her talent and courage, and set an example of free love for future generations of intellectual women.
Several other talented women are biased towards literature, but Banzhao is different from the others. While everyone else has experienced the hardships of displacement, only Banzhao has lived a relatively stable life, and she is not only outstanding in literature, but also in astronomy and mathematics. In addition, in politics, she has also accomplished.
Ban Zhao is the daughter of Ban Biao and the younger sister of Ban Gu and Ban Chao.
Ban Zhao married into the Cao family at the age of fourteen, but her husband died early, and she was young and widowed.
Banzhao observes festivals for her husband, abides by women's rules, and raises her son Cao Cheng.
In the fifth year of Yongyuan (93 years), Emperor He of the Han Dynasty issued an edict to let Ban Zhao go to Dongguan Library to continue to write the Book of Han, becoming the first female historian in China to revise the official history.
Ban Zhao later served as a teacher for the queen and concubines, and since then, she has become the first female teacher in Chinese history to accept apprentices - Cao Dajia.
Whenever countries from all over the world pay tribute to precious and rare items, Emperor Han He will invite Ban Zhao to commemorate them, such as "Big Sparrow Fu", etc., her words are like beautiful jade, shining brightly.
In the first year of Yuanxing (105), after the Empress Dowager Deng came to the court, Ban Zhao participated in political affairs, and her wisdom and talents were fully developed.
Ban Jieyu is Ban Zhao's aunt and grandmother, who is rarely talented and learned, and was elected to the palace when she became the emperor and was established as Jieyu. After the death of Emperor Cheng, she guarded the cemetery and the cemetery. Ban Jieyu is beautiful, talented, familiar with history, and good at music. Ban Jieyu emphasized that women should abide by etiquette and follow female morality.
In October of the fourth year of Yongchu (110), Ban Zhao used Ban Jieyu as a model to create the "Female Commandment", which is a work full of wisdom and teaching, which lasted two years and was finally completed in the sixth year of Yongchu (112).
In the first year of Yongning (120 years), Ban Zhao passed away at the age of more than 70. Her life is full of brilliance and achievement, and she is the best of the four talented women in ancient China.
Her character, talent, and wisdom were recorded in the Book of the Later Han Dynasty, Volume 84, and the Seventy-fourth Biography of the Daughters, and were admired and praised by future generations.
It is also said that the four talented women also include Shangguan Wan'er.
Shangguan Wan'er, a peerless woman, was a female official, poet, and imperial concubine in the Tang Dynasty. It shines with a unique light in the long river of history.
Although she was born in a wealthy family and is the granddaughter of Prime Minister Shangguanyi, her family is in the middle of the road and she is not in the court as a slave.
Shangguan Wan'er was smart and literate, took off in the wind in adversity, and was reused by Wu Zetian as a member of the inner house. She was quite trusted by Wu Zetian and often drafted edicts.
Wu Zetian abdicated, Tang Zhongzong ascended the throne, she was named Jieyu, in charge of life, worship Zhaorong, so the world is called Shangguan Zhaorong.
She once persuaded Tang Zhongzong to set up a bachelor's degree in Zhaowen and be a courtier. He also commented on the world's poems on behalf of the imperial court, and composed poems for Zhongzong, queens and princesses.
In the first year of Tang Long (710), when Li Longji, the king of Linzi, raised troops to launch the Tang Long coup, Shangguan Wan'er was killed by the rebels.
These five talented women, each with their own characteristics, have achieved outstanding achievements. In the feudal society where men are superior to women, it has bloomed with dazzling light and has become a dazzling star that will go down in history.
Today is March 6th, and March 8th is Working Women's Day. I would like to send this article to all female friends, I wish you: Zhu Yan looks like you, flowers and branches on your head, year after year! May this time next year, spring be like a human face!
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