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Preface. The Peony Pavilion is. Ming dynasty.
Famous opera artist.
Tang Xianzu. One of the works he created is known for:
Du Liniang Mu Se resurrected the soul
based on the story in , it was created after remodeling.
He himself once said that his.
Four. 
A dream, only.
The Peony Pavilion is his greatest achievement, in.
The design of each character and each story in "The Peony Pavilion" can be said to be ingenious.
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In the original story, the characters are very simple, and the storyline is also very smooth, which is mainly described.
Du Liniang and Liu Mengmei.
As for the teacher, it was mentioned in passing and not mentioned at all.
Chen Ziliang. The name, while.
Shi Daogu. and a few others, it belongs.
out of nothing".
Concerning. The Peony Pavilion
There have been many scholars who have done analysis and research, and their theory and practice are relatively perfect, however, related.
Shi Daogu. Research on this role is still lacking.
Ming dynasty. Theatre critic.
Zang Maoxun. When evaluating the original work, he said several times:
The role of Shi Daogu in the original book"Useless"、"It's annoying", must be sharpened. ”
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This kind of pair. Shi Daogu.
There is a certain bias in the evaluation of the role
Shi Daogu. Abandoned by her husband and replaced by a concubine, she could only be a monk and live a life without quarrel with the world.
She came from a miserable background and had a miserable fate, but instead of despairing about life, she tried her best to make it happen.
Du Liu two. Marriage, and no other schemes.
When interpreting this character at a deeper level, we can see that there are many human highlights in her character, and these highlights are the result of Tang Xianzu's careful design, so we cannot surpass the character of "Shi Daogu" in "The Peony Pavilion" to better understand her.
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1. The stone girl is invisible and not ruthless.
The so-called. Stone Woman.
It is because of the innate defect that they cannot be married and cannot have children.
Shi Daogu. Target.
Stone Man".
Identity, from. Taoism
It can be seen from her confession that this is also an important factor in her being abandoned by her husband and entering the world.
Tang Xianzu. Handful.
Shi Daogu. The portrayal of an incomplete stone woman is both a clash of form and nature, a comical and ridiculous humor, and at the same time an external expression of her inner personality traits that have a deeper meaning.
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The body of the stone man and ** are two opposing things, if there is no ruthlessness and no desire, then its defects have no value, if there is lust, then its defects will conflict with desire, then there is the possibility of "play".
1.The collision of form and sexuality.
The collision between the form of the stone girl and the sex of men and women is.
The main performance content of the gags in The Peony Pavilion.
Cut in a joke. It is an artistic expression technique commonly used in Chinese opera in order to create a comical effect, which has a certain effect on adjusting the rhythm of opera, relieving tension, and mobilizing the audience's aesthetic enthusiasm.
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Especially for ordinary people, the fun of opera is an important reason to attract them to watch the play, which will inevitably lead the playwright to focus on this kind of expression in order to attract the audience.
At. The Peony Pavilion
Target. The 17th round.
In Dao Jiao", Shi Daogu.
In order to. A Thousand Words
came to tell her life experience, probably because she was a stone girl and could not continue the bloodline for her husband, so her husband took a concubine.
But because of the battle between the concubines, Shi Daogu eventually became the helmsman in the Ziyang Palace. Xu Shuofang commented on this, saying: "The Tao is full of filthy puns, which is unbearable. ”
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Indeed, when she told that she was a stone man, she said a lot of things about the newlywed and said a lot of obscene things, but on the whole, it can't go against the plot, and it can better reflect the personality of the character.
Pun. It is a witty form of expression, and it can reflect a different kind of laughter than vulgar and direct meaty words.
Whereas. Shi Daogu.
The gags and let it.
Du Liniang. The depressed mood of being sick for a long time was swept away.
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In addition, Shi Daogu and Chen Ziliang and Xiao Daogu.
The dialogues between them are also derived from the story, which is very interesting.
Mr. Chen, according to you, who brought this show here? Pull him to understand it. I'm stone. Is it water for me? ”
What is this piece of cloth for? It is the crotch of a strong man. The woman was sick with demons, and the ashes were burned. ”
His words are easy to understand, and the conflict between form and sexuality brings joy to his drama and frees him from the horrors of death, graves, and ghosts.
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Shi Daogu. Because she is a stone person, most of her ridicule is related to love, so she is despised by some literati and ink writers.
But judging from Shi Daogu's overall character, her foul language is a manifestation of detachment from traditional morality.
2.The contrast between the form and the heart.
Du Liniang. After his death, Du Baoxing was.
She built a plum blossom temple, enshrined her spirit tablet in the temple, and let her.
Shi Daogu and Chen Ziliang.
Guarding together. But.
Chen Ziliang. just collects money, rarely goes to the view, she is the only one who pours water and spices to the view, and cleans up the view in an orderly manner.
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Shi Daogu. 
As the old lady instructed, give.
Liniang. After eating a hearty meal, such care made her grave safe and sound for three years.
Later, Liu Mengmei.
Plead with her to help. Liniang.
resurrected, and told her everything about humans and demons, though she knew.
The body in the coffin, whoever it is, will be put to death".
But when she heard that this was what the young lady meant, she still made up her mind and chose a good day to help.
Yanagi. Grave digging. If not.
Shi Daogu. Help each other
Liu Mengmei. It is simply impossible to do this alone.
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Shi Daogu. Not only did I choose a good day with great interest, but I also to.
Chen Ziliang. begged for a soul-fixing grass, and even asked her nephew to help make this one.
"Resurrection" becomes even more exciting.
As for. Du Liu two.
's marriage contract, naturally, too.
Shi Daogu. One of the credits, Yanagio.
Very obsessed. Du Liniang.
repeatedly begged the old Taoist to be a matchmaker for him.
But. Du Liniang.
Reliving a life, from a ghost to a human form, she began to pay attention to etiquette, and kept dragging on the marriage contract, saying that she had to wait for her parents' consent to say anything.
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At this critical moment, she made a decisive decision, and before the tomb robbery was exposed, she and.
Li Mochou. Engaged, went to Lin'an together.
But due to the war in Huainan, Du's father.
Trapped in the city, Liu Lang.
I went out to find out about the situation, so I didn't put it.
Mother Li. Take away, but put.
Mother Li. It was sent to the Qiantang Restaurant and handed over.
Shi Daogu. How can a girl who has never left the house since she was a child and has never seen the world live if there is no one to take care of her?
Shi Daogu. Right.
Liniang. Loyal and unspoken.
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Shi Daogu. 's body is crippled, but her mind is not crippled, she is trustworthy, enthusiastic, intelligent, affectionate and righteous, which is in stark contrast to her crippled figure. Hugo. At.
Cromwell, Preface
pointed out that ugliness is next to beauty, deformity is close to beauty, ugliness is hidden behind the sublime, beauty and evil coexist, darkness and light coexist. ”
3.The Stone Maiden's Stone corresponds to the Stone of Liniang.
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Du Liniang. Born in a family of fine clothes and fine food, and was born to sink fish and geese, and close the moon and shy flowers.
Though. Shi Daogu.
's family history is not clearly written in the play, but from the fact that she was forced to leave the house by her husband, and her nephew is only doing some chores in the Taoist temple, it can be seen that she should be a child of an ordinary family.
Her looks too.
The shape of the end of the table is positive" quite a lot.
Mao Shi Shuzi", but her appearance and body are flawed, Liniang is better than her in many ways, but she is not happier because of it.
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The Du family has strict rules and many constraints, in addition to doing housework, the girls also have to study, and they can't even sleep during the day, let alone go on an outing.
But. Liniang.
The desire in her heart is burning, she thinks that she should marry a good family when she is young, otherwise after a long time, it will not be a waste of youth, but under the oppression of feudal morality, the desire in her heart has nowhere to vent.
Whereas. Shi Daogu.
Because she was made of stone, her desires could not be satisfied.
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Du Liniang. In the previous life, and the congenital crippled.
Shi Daogu. There is no difference, Liniang to Chunxiang.
Dao: A pigeon trapped in a cage can still fly happily on a piece of land, how can it be compared to a man! ”
Obviously, the destruction of feudal morality has made people become a person who is imprisoned in a cage, and there is no longer any interest.
Shi Daogu. The rock-like body is just the one that restrains his desires.
Liniang. A correspondence is formed, one that loses sex because of a birth defect and one that loses sex because of a good education.
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But both have a strong desire in their hearts, and that's why.
Liniang. The reason why he would meet his lover in a dream and finally die because of his lust for beauty.
The contrast between reality and dreams, let.
Liniang. Seriously ill.
Shi Daogu. At.
Soul Wanderer.
Liniang. When the temple was opened, it was said:
Be a son, be a girl, may he be a slave forever. If you don't take a break, you will die as a teenager. ”
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From these words, it can be seen that she is right.
Liniang. 's compassion can also see her pain for her brothers and sisters, but she is different from those pampered ladies, she knows.
It's not easy to make a living", so she accepted this fact without hesitation.
Tang Xianzu. in shaping.
The figure of the "Stone Woman" uses her broken body to express and strengthen her spiritual quest, highlighting the importance of human freedom and liberation.
Second, Daogu was born and saved the world.
Tang Xianzu. When his grandfather reached middle age, he began to believe in Taoism and persuaded him not to be an official, leave the hustle and bustle, and go to Xianyou.
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And his first **—
Xu Liangfu. After being dismissed, he began to look forward to the land of Penglai again, all right.
Tang Xianzu. 's values have a potential impact.
He's in. More than 10 years.
On the way, he was repeatedly frustrated and degraded several times, and finally at the last moment, he wrote a poem called.
The Peony Pavilion.
He's in. The Peony Pavilion
In the preface, he claims to be.
Qingyuan Taoist "put help."
Duliu. The man who got married said it was finished. Nun "put."
Chen Ziliang. That's it.
The scum in college, the meaning of this sentence, is very interesting.
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1.The need for plot development.
The girl of the Du family, at a spring garden party, suddenly fell seriously ill, from the perspective of ancient times, this is most likely to encounter some demons and monsters, so they will find Taoist priests or wizards to help, in this way, Shi Daogu.
Naturally, he stood in the ring.
Taoism. It is a religion native to China and is advocated.
"Advocating gods, demons and monsters, and taking immortality, saving the dead and helping the wounded as their own responsibility."
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This is too. Shi Daogu.
The reason why she believes in demons and monsters is also why she thinks why.
Du Liniang. The reason why it will not rot for three years after death.
Ming dynasty. It was the most prosperous era of Taoism, and the government set up a special one for this purpose.
"And the most prominent feature of Taoism in the Ming Dynasty is that it is secular, and religious doctrines and immortal beliefs are integrated with the common people and will not be isolated from the secular.
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Therefore, Shi Daogu.
Although she has been born, she is still alive and has been trying to save the world.
In addition, Taoism does not advocate precepts thoroughly, as Buddhism does, but focuses on eliminating desires, but must aim to satisfy human nature in order to survive and perpetuate.
Shi Daogu. It's also quoted in the play.
A sentence from the Tao Te Ching:
There is often no desire to see its wonder, and there is often a desire to see its subtlety. "As a monk, she is very suitable to help others.
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2.The way of Daogu is compared with the corruption of Confucianism.
At. Liniang. After dying, Shi Daogu and Chen Ziliang.
Two people, one to give.
Liniang. To see a doctor, one person treated Liniang, and later, the two went together.
Gu Meihua. There have been many intersections.
In the play, Chen is the best.
The first to play is.
Du Liniang. The teacher in the family, he has been a reader since he was a child, but in the past few decades, he has repeatedly taken exams, repeatedly failed the list, and he can't even eat, so he is called.
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Shi Daogu. It used to be.
Ziyang Palace. 's head coach is also a very powerful character, originally.
Ziyang Palace. has declined, but in.
Shi Daogu. Under the leadership, it is thriving. At. Travel Mail".
Target. Twenty-second.
, Chen is the best. Encountered the overboard.
Liu Mengmei. Hearing his cries, he said:
I, Chen Ziliang, came here for a place to break the ice. The guy surnamed Luo happened to run into a man who fell into the water, so let's let him go. ”
He was afraid that he would be in trouble, but he ignored it, which shows that he is ruthless.
Shi Daogu. worked tirelessly to save people, and was not afraid of being blamed, which made her state of mind far better.
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He thought. The Book of Poetry: Guan Ju
It is the virtue of the queen, but she does not know it.
Liniang. What is the desire:
The words of the sages are just reassuring. ”
But why is there such a spring? You're going**? Spring is blooming, how can you rest assured? ”
But. Shi Daogu.
Know. Liniang.
She thought of her master, and because she liked the plum blossom, she plucked it and put it in a bottle.
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About. Du Liu two.
Love, Shi Daogu.
It is to contribute people's efforts, give advice, and accompany them all the time.
Du Liniang. Chen Ziliang gave it inexplicably.
Liu Mengmei. Charged with tomb robbery, it must be reported.
Nan'an Mansion Ya. arrested him, and then reported it to Huaiyang overnight, and reported it to him.
Mr. Du. There are many difficulties along the way.
Chen Ziliang. Although he is erudite and talented, there is still a sense of decay in his bones, and even food and clothing are a problem, and for him, this kind of being worn out by feudal exams is obliterated.
Decades. I don't really care about the spirit of a long time.
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Shi Daogu. Although there is no culture, only some basic books, such as:
But she runs the temple in an orderly manner, and many times, she is a straightforward person with a straightforward character.
One is the scum in the school, and the other is.
Stone Girl Daogu. Their gender, their sects, their knowledge, their thoughts, and their personalities are all diametrically opposed.
Shi Daogu. In this play, I once sighed:
There are few people in the world who believe in books, and there are amateurs in the world. ”
That's about it.
Tang Xianzu. The real thoughts, Tang Xianzu.
lived. The middle and late Ming Dynasty.
Positive value. Cheng Zhu Lixue.
As official. Orthodoxy".
The decline of Yang Ming Mind and the rise of Yang Ming Psychology.
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Cheng Zhu Lixue. thinks, reason".
It is the root of all things, which exists between heaven and earth, and extinguishes human desires."
And a series of moral codes were prescribed, so that what the people do in life will eventually become the means of the rulers.
Tang Xianzu. has always criticized Cheng Zhu.
The "Three Principles and Five Constants" see it as a means to imprison human nature, and therefore, he is here.
The Peony Pavilion. deviant".
to condemn the oppression of human beings by Confucianism.
But as Confucian.
Chen Ziliang. But it did.
Tang Xianzu. want to criticize the goal and create a relationship in it with.
Chen Ziliang. Diametrically opposed characters -
Shi Daogu. This is also proven from the side.
Tang Xianzu to Shi Daogu.
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The two are "love" and "reason", the difference is that Shi Daogu's "love" is sincere, Chen Ziliang's "reason" is rigid and indifferent, Shi Daogu attaches importance to love and righteousness, and Chen Ziliang emphasizes reason and light righteousness.
The intense confrontation between these two diametrically opposed characters also adds a strong drama to the ** and highlights the contradiction between the confinement of Confucianism and human freedom.
Epilogue. Shi Daogu.
Although her body is crippled, her mind is clear, she is kind, noble, enthusiastic, affectionate, righteous, and distinguishes between right and wrong.
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As some scholars have put it:
She is a rich life experience, has experienced the twists and turns of life, she is very good at grasping the importance of timing, very flexible, and very good at resolving contradictions. ”
And because of this, Shi Daogu.
to let. Du Liniang and Liu Mengmei.
Coming together, she is not only the confidante of the two, but also the life-saving benefactor of the two, it can be said that she is like it.
Liniang. biological parents in general.
Tang Xianzu. To give.
Shi Daogu. I took a pseudonym because.
The shackles of the "Three Principles and Five Constants" made her unable to get rid of it, and there was no difference between her and those who were born defects, and even some people would be affected by her thoughts and become more serious than those birth defects.
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From this point of view, we can see that those foul language that has been criticized by others is nothing more than that.
Tang Xianzu. Used for performance.
Shi Daogu. a means to highlight her incompatibility with secular morality.
Although her words are hard to hear, she is not a real adulteress in the true sense of the word.
The image of the "stone woman" she created not only enhances the drama in the play and enriches the characters in the play, but also highlights the "stone" image of Liniang before rebirth.
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Her status as a nun is not only the need for the development of the plot, but also a contrast to Chen Ziliang's image of a dirty scholar, and also a criticism of Cheng Zhu's Confucian science that is discrediting.
Therefore, in. The Peony Pavilion
Middle, Shi Daogu.
The role played is no less than.
Chen Ziliang. is a figure that cannot be ignored and is indispensable.
References] 1Liu Linlin, A Brief Review of the Peony Pavilion, J Journal of Yanbei Normal University, 2004
2.Shi Kaidi, Zang Maoxun and Feng Menglong: ** Based on the Revision of the Manuscript j Culture and Art Research, 2010
3.Xu Shuofang, Peony Pavilion, Preface, m Beijing: People's Literature Publishing House, 1997
4.Hugo ** Xue M Shanghai: Shanghai Translation Publishing House, 1980
5.Dai Jian, The "True Taste" Behind "Absurd Words" j Journal of Jiangsu Radio and Television University, 2010