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In 1962, 60,000 border residents fled to the Soviet Union, and the Soviet Union gave the green light, but China became the final winner.
How exaggerated is this defection?
More than 60,000 people poured into the Soviet Union with their families, taking with them more than 300,000 head of livestock, leaving only 100 villagers in a county town, and abandoning millions of acres of arable land.
What's even more bizarre is that two of the founding major generals also took the lead in defecting.
Why did 60,000 border residents suddenly defect? Why did our country become the final winner?
Click on it to reveal the truth about the defection of border people in 1962.
1. 60,000 border residents.
In 1962, an anomaly occurred in the Ili region of Xinjiang.
Just after the New Year, it was supposed to be a good season for sowing, but the local villagers stayed at home all day, did not go out during the day, and walked around at night, they secretly left their homes, from the village to the county seat, and then to the Sino-Soviet border, all the way sneaky, no one knew what they were doing.
This group of border residents behaved abnormally, for fear that others would find out, and at first there were only a few families, but by March, most of the people in one village were already involved.
In April 1962, the abnormal situation had developed to the point of unstoppability, and the border people had no way to hide it, and every night they came to the border area with large bags and small bags.
What's even more exaggerated is that there are people pulling carts, driving cattle and sheep, squeezing to the border area with great momentum, and then taking advantage of the moonlight to cross the border line.
After this group of border people crossed the border, they never came back, and this is not over, and the remaining border people did not stop there, as the first group of border people crossed the border, the remaining border people were also eager to try.
For a time, Xinjiang set off a cross-border wave, and the other side of the border was none other than the Soviet Union.
It stands to reason that the Soviet Union will certainly not take in China's border residents who suddenly poured into the Soviet Union; first, it will be difficult to resettle the border people, and second, a large number of border residents will be integrated into the Soviet Union, which is also a major challenge to the security of the Soviet Union.
But the strange thing is that the behavior of the Soviet Union was unexpected, and the Soviet Union behaved very actively for this group of border people who came from afar, and the leader Khrushchev personally ordered:
Help border people cross the border at all costs.
There are three main problems encountered by border residents crossing the border, and the Soviet Union has tried every means to clear the obstacles for them.
First, it is difficult, if border residents want to cross the border, they must obtain proper documents, so that they can enter the Soviet Union and live for a long time.
But in order to obtain the certificate, it must be approved by the superiors, and the approval is mixed in, and the defection will come to naught.
For this reason, the Soviet Union directly took matters into its own hands, unilaterally handled the documents for the border residents, and also asked the spies to secretly bring all kinds of documents to the Xinjiang region, and then distribute them to the border residents, so that the problem of the border people's procedures was easily solved.
Secondly, most of the border residents cross the border at night, but there is no lighting in the border area, and some border residents have difficulty identifying the direction, and sometimes even go to the wrong place.
In order to help the border residents cross the border line as soon as possible, the Soviet Union also used manpower and material resources to build many headlights in a short period of time, and also erected slogans along the way to guide those border people.
In the end, after crossing the border, there was still a long way to reach the Soviet Union, there was no place to rest on this journey, most of the border people traveled long distances, and the elderly and children at home were all exhausted.
With a wave of its hand, the Soviet Union directly spent a huge amount of money to build many reception stations along the road, and the stations were also equipped with translators who were proficient in Chinese and Xinjiang dialect, and they escorted the border residents throughout the whole process, just to escort them to the Soviet city.
At first, the defections were organized by the border people, but later the Soviet Union joined them, and with the help of the Soviet Union, more and more border residents began to cross the border line.
In 1962 alone, nearly 70,000 border residents fled to the Soviet Union, and they took more than 300,000 head of livestock with them.
Why did this group of border dwellers give up their farmland and want to rush into the Soviet Union even if they wanted to rush into the Soviet Union? What is even more strange is why the Soviet Union took the time and effort to help the border people defect?
II Major General defected.
This defection caused a stir at the time, 670,000 people stormed the border, bringing their families and children into the Soviet Union, and what is even more puzzling is that the organizers of this defection are two founding major generals.
One of them was Margov, who was one of the youngest in the list of the first founding major generals and at the same time a rare major general of the ethnic minority.
** He was judged to be young and promising, heroic and extraordinary, and many marshals had high hopes for him.
But in fact, from the moment he was born, Margov was buried in the hidden danger of defection.
Born in Xinjiang in 1923, Markov is of Russian descent, and he has Russian blood in his body.
When Markov was a teenager, he happened to encounter the Anti-Japanese War, and during this period, my country was friendly with the Soviet Union, and Margov was of Russian descent, so it was natural to deal with the Soviet Union.
Later, Margov joined the army, mainly serving in Xinjiang, and at his peak, Margov even became the commander of the Ili Military Region.
After the founding of the People's Republic of China, Xinjiang was in urgent need of people to sit in the town, and Margov's proficiency in the local language, coupled with his heroic performance on the battlefield, was handed over to Margov.
In 1955, Margov was awarded the rank of major general, and during the same period, another major general was awarded in Xinjiang.
At the same time that the two of them obtained military ranks, their superiors also sent them to study in the Soviet Union, and the original intention of learning was good, that is, to absorb more advanced knowledge for the Xinjiang region, however, it was precisely because of the increasing contact with the Soviet Union that Margov's mentality was gradually changing.
By 1962, the relationship between New China and the Soviet Union gradually became ossified, and at the same time, there were contradictions between China and India, and the attitude of the Western power, the United States, was unclear, and for a time China was in an extremely disadvantageous position.
In the face of internal and external troubles, the development of Xinjiang is not very good, and many border residents still live in poverty, which makes them very dissatisfied with the status quo.
It was during this period that the Soviet Union sent spies to buy people's hearts, and they installed radio speakers in the border areas, and every day they were appealing to and inciting the border people.
These broadcasts were all in Xinjiang, and the content of the broadcasts was to praise the good living conditions of the Soviet Union and the fact that they had ham and bread to eat, but on the other hand, the border residents in Xinjiang had difficulty eating even a little meat every day, and the huge gap between the rich and the poor once again made the border people waver.
Immediately after that, the Soviet Union spread rumors that China and India were about to fight, and that the flames of war would surely reach the Xinjiang region at that time.
This is not over, the Soviet Union also threatened that relations between the United States and our country have deteriorated, and it is currently preparing to cooperate with our country.
In their opinion, although the Xinjiang region is large, its economic level is relatively low, but the Soviet Union presents a "prosperous" scene.
It is not enough just because the economic level is low, the news in Xinjiang is lagging behind, and they have no knowledge of India and the United States, and they will believe whatever the Soviet Union says.
In order to protect themselves, they began to prepare to flee to the Soviet Union, and at this time, the Soviet Union threw out an olive branch, saying that it would allow border residents to settle in the Soviet Union, and all walks of life could arrange jobs for them, and the wages and salaries were quite considerable.
Under the dual pressure of money and security, these border people finally failed to withstand **, and gradually defected across the border line in early 1962.
Not only ordinary border people, but even the founding major general Margov was no exception, and he, together with another major general, put down his military affairs and took the initiative to lead the border people to defect.
Originally, some border residents were worried that the defection would be discovered, but now that the major general has joined, they are more at ease, and the scale of the defection has intensified.
Originally, there were millions of acres of cultivated land in Xinjiang, with herds of cattle and sheep, but after the defection, all the cultivated land was abandoned, and the loss of property was incalculable.
Most of these people are old, weak, sick and disabled, and it is inconvenient to flee, just a rough calculation, in 1962 there were 670,000 border residents defected, and the incident caused trouble in Beijing, and the whole country was shocked.
Someone suggested that troops should be sent to recover these deserters as soon as possible, but ***'s reply was only one sentence:
Don't come back if you leave.
Sure enough, after this group of border people went to the Soviet Union, it didn't take long for them to regret it, and they even wanted to return to Xinjiang.
Would you agree to this? What happened to this group of border people?
3. I regret it.
Before the border people defected, the Soviet Union would provide good food and drink, and many border residents had begun to look forward to settling down in the Soviet Union, but in fact, after they went to the Soviet Union, they found that all this was a trap.
They should have made a fortune in the Soviet Union, but in the end they became "second-class citizens" who worked as coolies.
Instead of entering the Soviet city, 60,000 border dwellers were sent to Siberia, where the inhospitable climate could reach temperatures as low as minus tens of degrees, and their work was to reclaim wasteland at such low temperatures.
When they were in Xinjiang, the border people could decide for themselves when to go out and when to start work, but in the Soviet Union they had no freedom at all, and what awaited them every day was high-intensity labor.
The border people worked in Siberia for a long time, ate poorly, lived poorly, and it didn't take long for most of them to fall ill, but even so, the Soviet Union did not give them a chance to breathe.
For the Soviet Union, they were labor forces who came to work voluntarily, and their only value was to reclaim the land for the Soviet Union.
The Soviet Union did not let go of this group of border people, the only thing that worried about them was the motherland, and after this group of border people poured into the Soviet Union, our country has been looking for an opportunity to negotiate and try to rescue them back to the country.
But the Soviet reply was:
Only a group of border residents were allowed to be released.
The Soviet Union's border people were those who were old, physically low, and unable to work, and they were unable to provide them with value, so they were allowed to return to Xinjiang.
In addition, the relationship between our country and the Soviet Union gradually ossified in the 60s, and there were very few people who could really come back from the Soviet Union.
At the beginning, the Soviet Union gave the green light and frantically encouraged the border people to enter the Soviet Union, and in the later period, the Soviet Union desperately squeezed the border people, and the reason for this was also very simple.
One is the lack of labor in the USSR.
Back in the 50s, the Soviet Union had just experienced World War II, and they lost more than 60 million people in total, most of whom were men, and the Soviet Union was once in a situation of shortage.
The sudden decline in population was a great blow to the Soviet Union, and many industries lacked manpower and power, and no one even cultivated arable land.
The Soviet Union first encouraged women to give birth as soon as possible, and women from the age of 14 were rated as "heroic mothers" once they gave birth to a child.
On the other hand, the Soviet Union sent local residents to Siberia to reclaim the famine, and these residents could not endure hardships and did not work for long before slacking off.
After coming and going, the Soviet Union set its sights on the border people in China's Xinjiang region.
It is a well-known fine tradition that our people endure hardships and stand hard work, and in the eyes of the Soviet Union, it is very appropriate for us to ask our border people to go to reclaim the famine.
In order to lure the border residents of our country, they walked around with rumors, boasting that the conditions of the Soviet Union were good, and at the same time creating panic among the border residents.
By 1962, this group of border people was really ready to move, and under the leadership of two major generals, they poured into the Soviet Union in droves.
The Soviet Union naturally welcomed the arrival of this group of people, after all, they were free labor.
Behind the green light of the Soviet Union, there is another benefit, which can not only enrich its own labor force, but also hit the stability of China's Xinjiang region.
From the very beginning, the Soviet Union was not prepared to treat these border people well, and when they went to the Soviet Union, of course, they were not treated well.
In the early stage, the border people were used as coolies, and in the later period, many border people regretted it, and they desperately wanted to return to China, but they were hindered by the Soviet Union.
It wasn't until the collapse of the Soviet Union that they saw a glimmer of hope, but unfortunately, they had already joined the Soviet Union, and it was already even more difficult to return to China.
Including the two major generals who took the lead in defecting at the beginning, both of them died of illness in a foreign country, and the end can be described as very tragic.
The final fate of this group of border people was extremely bleak, some of them wandered abroad all their lives, and some of them were left with lifelong disabilities in long-term labor, and their ending confirmed the chairman's words:
If you leave, don't come back.
On the other hand, China has become the final winner in this defection incident, and these border people are not firm in their beliefs, and sooner or later they will cause chaos, and they have taken advantage of the flight to the Soviet Union, but they have eliminated 60,000 unstable factors and uprooted the potential power of the Soviet Union in the Xinjiang region, which is obviously a great thing.
It can also be seen from here that the president's ** farsightedness, as for those who turn their backs on the country for the sake of immediate interests, they do not deserve any sympathy.
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