Located on the coast of the Bohai Sea and the Yellow Sea, the Jiaodong Liberated Area is the logistics base and hospital concentration of the East China Field Army, and its strategic position is very important. Chiang Kai-shek attempted to end the fighting in Shandong at an early date through the "September Offensive".
The Kuomintang army assembled 6 integrated divisions and 1 brigade, including the entire 8th Division, the entire 45th Division, and the entire 54th Division, with a total of 20 brigades, to form the Jiaodong Corps, with Fan Hanjie as the commander of the corps.
The Jiaodong Corps was also equipped with sophisticated equipment such as heavy artillery, engineers, and armored vehicles, as well as military police, security corps, and other units, in an attempt to completely eliminate the forces of the East China Field Army in Jiaodong.
In August 1947, in order to formulate a strategy to defend Jiaodong, the Kuomintang army attempted to force the main force of the East China Field Army East Corps to the tip of the Jiaodong Peninsula through an all-round blockade by sea, land and air, and annihilated it, so as to destroy the Jiaodong Liberated Area, blockade the Bohai Sea port, and cut off the sea routes in Northeast China and North China.
Jiaodong Resistance Battle: The five integrated divisions of the Kuomintang Army attacked the hinterland of Jiaodong, and the situation was grim. The north, east and south of the Jiaodong area are facing the sea, the Kuomintang army in the west is on the offensive, and the Jiaodong liberated area is under the enemy's back, and the situation is extremely grim.
The 8th Division, the 9th Division, the 25th Division, the 64th Division, the 54th Division, the 57th Brigade of the 74th Division, and the 45th Division, the main forces of the Kuomintang army gathered and attacked the Jiaodong Liberated Area from different directions.
Along the way, the Kuomintang army wantonly plundered and went crazy, and countless cadres and masses were brutally killed, and the methods were cruel and outrageous. **3,467 people in the southern part of Changyi County, 125 families were killed; Li Deyuan, the magistrate of Pingdu County, led a return to the township group to retaliate and kill more than 5,000 cadres and masses.
The masses in the liberated areas were furious, mines were laid everywhere, villages revolted, and they closely coordinated with the main force and actively participated in the fighting. In the Jiaodong Resistance Battle, the people of Jiaodong united as one, cooperated with the main force to fight, and successfully stopped the advance of the Kuomintang army with a 20-kilometer-long mine net, and the first team in front of the battle cooperated with the main force to successfully annihilate more than 500 Kuomintang troops with more than 600 mines.
The heroic resistance of the people of Jiaodong smashed the crazy attack of the Kuomintang army, successfully defended the liberated area of Jiaodong, and won the victory of the Jiaodong Resistance Battle.
On September 6, the 25th and 9th Divisions of the Kuomintang Army attacked Pingdu from the south and west respectively, and at the same time, the 8th Division arrived at Changli to cooperate. The 39th Division of the 13th Column adopted the tactics of movement defense, stubbornly resisting the enemy for three consecutive days and three nights, killing a total of 1,748 people and 343 of its own people.
On September 8, the blocking force abandoned the county seat of Pingdu and moved to Shuigoutou in the south of Laiyang County, while the 9th Division occupied the county seat of Pingdu. On September 9, the 156th Brigade of the 64th Division occupied Zhucheng to ensure the safety of the main flank.
In the evening of the same day, ** led the 2nd Column, the 7th Column, the 10th Division, the Independent Division, and the Binbei Army Division to launch an attack on Zhucheng. On September 10, the 19th Division of the 7th Column captured Xiguan, and the 21st Division captured Nanguan.
The enemy relied on the trenches to put up stubborn resistance, and the battle was in a stalemate. The 64th Brigade of the 131st Division and other units were quickly sent south from Gaomi County, and the 2nd Column and the 6th Division of our army as a reserve were put into the blocking operation.
The battle lasted until the evening of September 11, when the attacking troops withdrew from the battle and moved to the Renlan area, south of Zhucheng, in order to avoid being flanked by the Kuomintang defenders and reinforcements.
In this battle, more than 1,700 Kuomintang troops were killed, and the southern reinforcement of the Gaomi Kuomintang army was mobilized, which played a counterpoint role in the operation of the inner line in Jiaodong. After the 9th Division occupied Pingdu County, the main force attacked Guojiadian and Lingdang Mountain in Ye County to the north, and cooperated with the 166th Brigade of the 8th Division to attack Ye County.
The 25th Division attacked in the direction of Liangmu Mountain and Zhugou in Ye County to ensure the safety of the right side of the 9th Division. On September 11, the 113th Regiment of the 38th Division of the 13th Column of the Eastern Corps and the Independent Regiment of the Western Naval Division conducted a blocking battle in the Phoenix Mountain and Fanzi Mountain areas south of Ye County, killing more than 500 people of the 166th Brigade.
On September 13, the 166th Brigade entered Zhanye County. On September 15, the entire 54th Division occupied Lingshan in Jimo County after being blocked by the troops of the Southern Naval Division and paying the price of more than 700 people.
On 16 September, the 198th Brigade of the 54th Division, in coordination with the 40th Brigade of the 25th Division, attacked Shuigoutou in Laiyang County from the west and south under the cover of aircraft and artillery fire.
The 39th Division of the 13th Column of our army put up stubborn resistance, killed more than 2,500 enemy troops, and then moved to the Taipingzhuang area of Laiyang County to stand by. On September 18, the entire 25th Division, with the coordination of the entire 54th Division, occupied Laiyang County, the center of the Jiaodong Liberated Area.
The entire 9th Division entered Xiadian, Zhaoyuan County, and the entire 8th Division entered and occupied Daotou Town, Zhaoyuan County. Xu Shiyou decided to use the 39th Division of the 13th Column to block the entire 9th Division, and the 9th Column to annihilate the 166th Brigade of the 8th Division of Daotou Town.
On the night of September 18, the battle began. On the morning of September 19, the battle ended, killing most of the 498th Regiment of the 166th Brigade and the 3rd Battalion of the 496th Regiment, a total of 2,300 people.
This was the first counterattack operation in which the main force was concentrated in the internal line blocking operation of the Eastern Corps, and it was commended by the East China Bureau. So far, more than 10,000 Kuomintang troops have been killed in the Jiaodong Blockade, which has bought valuable time for stabilizing people's hearts, settling rear organs, burying materials, and evacuating cadres and their families.
On September 24, ** led the 2nd Column and the 7th Column from Wulian Mountain Area in Zhucheng County to the north and entered the Jiaoji Railway Line east of Qishan (now Fangzi District) in Weixian County.
After Fan Hanjie found out that the main force of the inner line of the Eastern Corps had shifted to the west, he believed that the battle in Jiaodong had "ended smoothly" and divided his troops and advanced lightly. The entire 8th Division continued to advance eastward, occupying Huangxian (now belonging to Longkou City) and Longkou City.
On September 29, the entire 25th Division occupied Fushan County (present-day Fushan District). After the entire 25th Division occupied Fushan County, the Kuomintang army began to disperse its forces. Xu Shiyou and ** were determined to launch the Jiaohe Campaign and annihilate the entire 64th Division in the area of Yinma Town, Changyi County, on the west bank of the Jiaohe River.
On October 3, the entire 64th Division reached a joint encirclement, and on October 5, the Eastern Corps captured Sanhu Mountain, annihilated two regiments of the 64th Division, and surrounded the main force of the division in the Fanjiaji area.
After the Jiaohe counterattack, the 2nd, 7th, and 9th columns of the Eastern Corps rested in Zhucheng to replenish food, ammunition, and equipment. On November 4, Xu Shiyou and ** led their troops to the south of the Jiaoji Railway and on both sides of the Weihe River, preparing to stand by to meet the entire 9th Division advancing westward to Weixian.
At the same time, the 13th Column pinned down the entire 54th Division in the Daze Mountains, and cooperated with the main force to annihilate the entire 9th Division.
Zhangling Street Village watchtower, located in Changyi City, Shandong Province, Zhuyang, Weifang City, Fangzi District. On November 6, the entire 9th Division arrived from Gaomi County to Zhuyang in Changyi County and Zhangling in Weixian County.
Due to a mistake in reconnaissance, the Eastern Corps mistakenly believed that these were just two regiments of the entire 9th Division transporting cotton clothes, so they ordered the 9th Column to attack from the southwest and the 7th Column to attack from the south. As a result, it was not possible to divide and encircle, but the division was able to occupy the villages of **wan, Xiaomawan, Taerbu, Zhufo, Yinjiatun, Zhangling, Liuhebu, and Wanjiatun in Changyi County in an organized manner.
On November 11, the entire 64th Division was dispatched from Gaomi County and marched west along the Jiaoji Railway to meet the entire 9th Division. On November 13, the entire 64th Division entered the area east of Zhuyang.
At this time, the entire 9th Division gave up its westward advance under the guidance of reinforcements, and adopted the "alternate cover" tactics to turn around and flee eastward. The Eastern Corps intercepted in the Daling and Taerbu areas of Changyi County, and wiped out more than 1,000 people of the 9th Division.
On November 15, the entire 9th Division retreated to Gaomi County. After that, the entire 64th Division left one regiment to garrison Gaomi County, and the main force covered the entire 9th Division to continue to retreat eastward. As a result, the Eastern Corps changed from interception to pursuit, ordering the 2nd Column to encircle and annihilate the defenders of Gaomi County, and the 7th Column and 9th Column to pursue and annihilate the Kuomintang troops fleeing eastward.
On November 19, the 2nd column surrounded Gaomi County. At 21 o'clock on November 26, the 2nd Column launched a general attack on Gaomi County. At 4 o'clock on November 27, our army conquered Gaomi County and completely annihilated more than 2,300 people including 1 regiment of the entire 64th Division and the security team of the defenders.
On November 8, the 13th Column, which was tasked with pinning down, surrounded the main force of the entire 54th Division, which was attacking from Laiyang County to Haiyang County. On November 22, Fan Hanjie ordered the 198th Brigade of the 54th Division in Pingdu County to pass through Lingshan Mountain, Jimo County, to relieve the siege of Haiyang County.
In view of the fact that the entire 9th Division was close to Qingdao and could not be encircled and annihilated, and the 198th Brigade was alone and prominent, Xu Shiyou and ** decided to abandon the entire 9th Division and encircle and annihilate the 198th Brigade. On November 24, the 198th Brigade advanced to the line of Shangxianyou, Xiaxianyou, and Xianziwan in Jimo County, and was caught up and surrounded by the 9th Column.
On November 25, the 2nd Regiment of the 9th Column launched an attack on the 4th Battalion of the 198th Brigade in Xianziwan. Due to the inaccurate grasp of information and the underestimation of the enemy, the initial battle was frustrated and a confrontation formed.
On November 27, Fan Hanjie transferred the 76th Brigade of the 9th Division and the 57th Brigade of the 74th Division in Qingdao to help. The 7th Column surrounded the 76th Brigade in the Nanqian area of Jimo County, and blocked the 57th Brigade on the Lingshan line.
On November 28, one division of the 7th Column and one Division of the 9th Column attacked Nanqian, but the battle was not resolved. Seeing that the siege of Haiyang had not been solved and that two more brigades had been surrounded, Fan Hanjie urgently dispatched the entire 64th Division in the Lancun and Mashan areas of Jimo County, east of the Dagu River, to rush to reinforcements.
At the same time, 2 regiments of the 42nd Brigade of the 8th Division and 1 regiment of the 103rd Brigade were adjusted, and Qingdao was sent to the north by Yantai Sea. Due to the approaching enemy, the Eastern Corps decided to withdraw from the battle. On November 30, the 7th and 9th Columns were transferred to both sides of the Wulong River south of Laiyang County for rest and standby.
At the end of November, the entire 25th Division was transported from Yantai and the 9th Brigade led by the 9th Division from Chengyang, Jimo County, to Shanghai, and later transferred to the Central Plains Battlefield. In December, the 76th Brigade was transferred to Wuhan and returned to the country.
In the pursuit battle in Gaomi County, Jiaoxian County, which lasted for a whole month, the Eastern Corps annihilated more than 10,000 people from the 64th Division, the 9th Division, the 54th Division, and the 57th Brigade of the 74th Division, delaying the transfer of the 9th Division and the 25th Division.
At the same time, it liberated Gaomi County, Jiaoxian County, Pingdu County and other vast areas, forcing the Kuomintang troops to trap and defend Qingdao City, Laiyang County, Jimo County, Yantai City, Fushan County, Penglai County, Longkou City and other strongholds, so that Jiaodong, Binhai, and Luzhong Liberated Areas were once again connected.
On the evening of December 4, the 7th Column began to attack the defenders of Laiyang County, and by night it had successfully broken through the outer defensive line. By 7 December, all outlying strongholds had been cleared.
Then, on December 8, they successfully captured four checkpoints in Laiyang City. However, on 9 December, when they attempted to break through the walls, the defenders retreated to the core of the temple and began to hold on for reinforcements.
Both attacks of the 7th column were ineffective and were larger. So on December 12, they transferred the 37th Division of the 13th Column to continue the attack, but the attack was forced to suspend due to the enemy's fire.
However, on 13 December, the commander of the 13th Column, Zhou Zhijian, personally arrived at the position and decided to focus the attack on the northeast corner, which the defenders believed was blocked by a large pond, in order to destroy the core position in one fell swoop.
At 21 o'clock that night, they launched a general attack and successfully annihilated the defenders and liberated the city of Laiyang. In this battle, the 7th and 13th columns totaled more than 7,000 people, and the cost was greater.
After Laiyang City was surrounded, Fan Hanjie mobilized a total of 8 brigades of the entire 54th Division, the entire 64th Division, and the entire 8th Division, divided into two echelons in the front and rear, and with the cooperation of aircraft and combat vehicles, Qingdao was reinforced in batches through Lingshan in Jimo County.
From December 6, the four brigades of the 1st echelon marched north along Jiangshanji and Baojia Mountain in Lainan County (now Laixi City). However, on December 12, the 1st echelon slammed into the positions around Shuigoutou in Laiyang County, but was stubbornly blocked by the 2nd column, reaching more than 3,000 people.
On December 13, the four brigades of the 2nd echelon followed up after the 1st echelon and arrived in the area of Linquanzhuang in Lainan County. Finally, on December 14, the Kuomintang army occupied Shuigoutou.
Fan Hanjie ordered 3 brigades of the 54th Division and 1 brigade of the 8th Division to attack Laiyang County head-on along both sides of the road in an attempt to recover Laiyang County. However, Xu Shiyou and *** adjusted the deployment of troops, blocking the 9th column and the 13th column head-on, and at the same time transferring the 7th column to the Xiadian area of Zhaoyuan County, preparing to attack the Kuomintang army on the flank.
From December 19 to December 26, the 9th Column and the 13th Column blocked head-on attacks and repelled more than 10 attacks by the entire 54th Division and other units. At the same time, the 7th Column took the initiative to flank and rear the entire 54th Division.
On December 25, the Eastern Corps intercepted a U.S. Marine Corps jeep cooperating with the Kuomintang army, and killed, wounded, and captured five U.S. soldiers. On December 26, the entire 54th Division was forced to retreat south to the Lingshan area after paying the price of more than 4,000 people, Fan Hanjie's plan to reoccupy Laiyang City was crushed, and the Laiyang Battle ended.
In this battle, the Eastern Corps annihilated a total of 1 Kuomintang troops and local armed forcesMore than 70,000 people, of whom more than 7,000 were captured.
After the Battle of Laiyang, Chiang Kai-shek ordered Fan Hanjie to lead the entire 54th Division to support the Northeast Battlefield, and at the same time withdraw the entire 64th Division to the periphery of Qingdao, leaving only the entire 8th Division to guard Longkou City, Yantai City, and Weihaiwei City.
In this way, except for isolated strongholds such as Qingdao City, Yantai City, Weihaiwei City, Fushan County, Penglai County and Longkou City, the Jiaodong area was controlled by the liberated areas. Chiang Kai-shek's plans were completely bankrupt.
In the Battle of Jiaodong (19479.10-12.30), the Eastern Corps, with the help of the troops of the East China Military Region and the local masses, annihilated the Kuomintang army and local teams in total.6More than 20,000 people.
Among them, the captives 2More than 60,000 people, 3 killed and woundedMore than 60,000 people. The masses in Jiaodong actively supported the front line, and the number of young people who joined the army and participated in the war reached 1280,000 people, 200,000 militia children's corps, military engineering teams behind enemy lines, and expeditionary teams that cooperate with the main force to fight, and 46 migrant workers who serve as guides, send intelligence, transport military rations, rescue the wounded, and deliver ammunition for the main force90,000 people.
The victory in the defense of Jiaodong completely smashed the Kuomintang army's key offensive on Shandong, changed the strategic situation of the Shandong battlefield, and put the Kuomintang army in the dilemma of point-and-line defense.
At the same time, it also effectively cooperated with the operations of the Western Corps, so that the liberated areas of Shandong were further restored and strengthened.