The photo shows a fruit picker showing a blueberry picked. Data map.
Winter turns to spring, and Mengzi City, Honghe Hani and Yi Autonomous Prefecture in Yunnan Province is already a scene full of vitality. In the 500 acres of high-standard facilities blueberry planting base of Honghe Jiayu Agricultural Science and Technology, clusters of blueberries with hoarfrost have been embellished with branches, which are like crystal clear blue-black gems under the sun, which is gratifying.
The majestic Ailao Mountain and the surging red river have given birth to the fertile soil of the outstanding people of this land. Located in the low-latitude plateau, it belongs to the first belt plateau monsoon climate, the Tropic of Cancer passes through, and the unique natural environment makes it a "treasure land" for the development of the characteristic fruit industry, and blueberry is one of the representatives. In recent years, Mengzi City has adhered to the overall strategic positioning of "building a modern agricultural demonstration zone with plateau characteristics", developed blueberries and other characteristic fruit industries with a high starting point and high standards, and done everything possible to broaden the channels for farmers to increase their income and get rich, so as to empower and accelerate the comprehensive revitalization of the countryside.
Nowadays, blueberries have become the "golden business card" and "representative work" of modern agriculture. The small blueberry leads to the river and the sea, goes south to the north, and enters the supermarkets of major cities across the country, which is deeply loved by consumers, and has played the golden sign of Mengzi blueberry, and through a variety of joint agricultural and agricultural models, it has supported the local context and hope of relying on the characteristic fruit industry to promote economic development, and has become the "rich fruit" of local farmers, and continues to write the story of modern agriculture that is constantly changing.
The greenhouse grows a good "abundant" scene.
Now is the harvest season of blueberries, and the yield and quality of these blueberries are good, and the fruit is large and full. Early in the morning, Fang Yang, the R&D manager of Honghe Jiayu, led the team to the planting greenhouse to check the growth of blueberries.
At present, domestic blueberry cultivation is mainly based on open-air cultivation and greenhouse cultivation. According to Fang Yang, Mengzi is rich in light resources and has a large temperature difference between day and night, which is a favorable condition for the high quality and high yield of small berries. Another advantage is that the blueberry picking season starts in November and can last until June of the following year, filling the gap between imported blueberries and blueberries from other domestic producing areas.
Climate advantage is only one of the prerequisites for blueberry to achieve high yield, behind the high yield of blueberry, is that Honghe Jiayu through strengthening variety breeding, and actively develop greenhouses, water and fertilizer integrated irrigation system and other facility agriculture, the formation of a set of standardized planting system, and constantly improve the quality of blueberries, with industrialization, large-scale development model to improve efficiency.
In terms of variety breeding, the company has introduced a number of foreign blueberry varieties of the same latitude, from which the varieties suitable for large-scale planting in Honghe Prefecture have been screened. "Each variety needs to be tested before commercial planting, and the planting density, water and fertilizer formula, pruning method and other production management of different varieties are different, and the experimenters need to record the data to finally select the varieties with good quality and yield, and suitable for local planting. Jiang Huitie, general manager of Honghe Jiayu, told reporters.
In addition to the introduction of foreign varieties, Mengzi also attaches great importance to variety research and development and seedling breeding. The key to the high-quality development of China's blueberry industry lies in variety cultivation, which is the source of the sustainable development of the blueberry industry and the guarantee of the quality of fresh blueberry fruits and their products. Honghe Prefecture and Mengzi City attach great importance to the protection of blueberry germplasm resources, variety research and development, and seedling breeding and promotion, and set out to solve the problems of miscellaneous varieties, low yield, and inconsistent quality, so as to consolidate the source foundation for the high-quality development of the small berry industry. Wang Zhengyin, director of the Mengzi Municipal Bureau of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, said: "In recent years, the Mengzi Municipal Bureau of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, together with relevant departments, has carried out a special action to crack down on the production and sale of fake and inferior seedlings and infringement of the rights of new plant varieties, focusing on strengthening the protection of intellectual property rights of new plant varieties in regional characteristic industries such as blueberries, protecting the legitimate rights and interests of growers, and mobilizing the enthusiasm of continuous investment in variety research and development and seedling breeding units. ”
Unlike traditional soil cultivation, rows of blueberries are planted in pots like bonsai here, and it is estimated that about 740 pots of blueberries can be placed per acre. "The pots are filled with coir substrate imported from overseas, and the soil is left fallow to protect soil fertility by using substrate soilless cultivation. This planting method can also effectively reduce the occurrence of pests and diseases and pesticide application, which is conducive to improving product quality. Fang Yang explained, "The greenhouse is also equipped with an intelligent water and fertilizer integrated irrigation system, which can monitor the production status of seedlings in a timely manner and carry out fertilizer and watering in a timely manner." ”
In this mode, the yield of blueberries has increased significantly, and the average yield per mu of each greenhouse can reach 15-2 tons, the annual output of the whole base exceeds 10,000 tons. Here, blueberry planting is no longer just a simple agricultural work, but through the standardized management of the whole production process, blueberries can achieve high yield, increase income, and high-quality value-added.
Equip the industrial chain with a "digital intelligence brain".
From the perspective of traditional agriculture, it is not easy to breed and plant blueberries, and it is imperative to use new technologies to empower the industry and make the production and circulation of blueberries more efficient and safe.
Looking up, we have installed a temperature control system in each greenhouse, which can automatically identify the temperature. The temperature range suitable for blueberry growth is 10-30 degrees Celsius, if the temperature is too high during the day, the roof will automatically close to a certain extent, avoiding direct sunlight at the same time, it can also achieve ventilation and heat dissipation, and can also start atomization and cooling according to the temperature and humidity in the shed to create a suitable blueberry growth environment. Fang Yang said.
In terms of water and fertilizer management, refined and intelligent irrigation and fertilization can ensure that the water and fertilizer absorbed by each blueberry is consistent, the overall accuracy of irrigation and fertilization is more than 95%, and the Internet of Things detection equipment monitors the environmental status in real time to guide agricultural operations. During the growth period of blueberries, intelligent plant protection robots shuttle through the greenhouse, which can automatically spray pesticides in all directions and angles, effectively covering plants and carrying out pest control.
A piece of high-tech is not only applied to all aspects of blueberry growth, but also runs through the whole industrial chain such as harvesting, warehousing, and cold chain logistics. "We have explored a path for digital and intelligent construction and built a management platform for agricultural operations. Taking the harvesting process as an example, every batch of fruits picked by workers can be scanned and weighed through the system, and they can see their wages on the same day, which is convenient and accurate. Jiang Huitie said. It is estimated that through this digital management platform, the production cost can be effectively reduced by about 20%.
The digital cold chain logistics monitoring and intelligent warehouse management at the circulation and sales end also provide a strong guarantee for the best products and ensure that blueberries are delivered to the tables of thousands of households in the shortest possible time. "There are strict requirements on how long it takes for blueberries to be transported to cold storage after harvesting, and when to leave the warehouse, etc., and each blueberry must be guaranteed to be out of the warehouse within 24 hours to ensure freshness. Jiang Huitie said.
It is worth noting that by vigorously developing modern and intelligent facility agriculture, it has become the consensus of the entire Yunnan Province to steadily improve the supply capacity of high-quality fruits and vegetables. The Yunnan Provincial Development and Reform Commission, the Department of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, the Department of Finance, and the Department of Natural Resources jointly issued the "Three-Year Action Plan for the Modernization of Facility Agriculture in Yunnan Province (2023-2025)", which proposes to support the construction of standardized greenhouses and integrated sprinkler and drip irrigation facilities for water and fertilizer. High-yield and high-efficiency modern facility agriculture standardization park.
Bear sweet "rich fruit".
In recent years, relying on the development advantages of the characteristic fruit industry, Mengzi has encouraged and supported leading enterprises in agricultural industrialization to continuously innovate and optimize the mechanism of linking agriculture with agriculture, so that farmers can share the value-added benefits of industrial development.
Our family's 30 acres of land are all rented to Honghe Jiayu to grow blueberries, and the annual land circulation income is 60,000 yuan......A farmer calculated an account for the reporter, and their family's annual family income is now no less than 200,000 yuan.
Such cases are not uncommon. Taking the farmers who cooperate with Honghe Jiayu as an example, by transferring the land to the company, they can get an income of about 2,000 yuan per mu of land, and come to the base to work during the fruit picking period, calculate the salary according to the amount of fruit picking, and the income of picking a kilogram of blueberries is about 6 yuan, and the average daily wage of the pickers can reach about 170 yuan, and they can also go to the company's packaging plant to work as a handyman to earn wages. This model not only fundamentally solves the problem of land abandonment, but also allows idle labor to be employed at the doorstep and increase the actual income level.
In recent years, Mengzi City has continued to explore and practice the "grassroots party organization + farmers + leading enterprises + state-owned companies" multi-interest linkage cooperation model, linking farmers with villages to promote income increase. In addition to the above model, it also cooperated with Honghe Jiayu to launch the "bottom line income" model, that is, the village and household integrated special funds and loans, entrusted to the state-owned company to manage the unified management, and the enterprise is responsible for the construction, management and operation of the blueberry base, with an annual dividend of not less than 20% of the investment. At the expiration of the three-year period, it will be determined to continue or terminate the bottom line according to the situation, and if it is terminated, the leading enterprise will repurchase the share of the construction agency at the original price, or transfer the original price to the villages and households that need to be included in the bottom line to continue the cooperation. Each household can increase its income by more than 4,000 yuan by investing 20,000 yuan, and each village can increase its income by more than 40,000 yuan by investing 200,000 yuan. At present, a total of 88 villages and 168 rural households in the city have participated.
Wang Zhengyin introduced that through a variety of cooperation models, it not only brought advanced elements necessary for the development of characteristic industries such as capital, technology, information, and talents to Mengzi, injected new momentum into the revitalization of rural industries, but also allowed farmers to realize the "two golds" (land rent, labor salary, dividend shares, and village collective labor organization commissions), and opened a new channel for small farmers to organically integrate into modern agriculture, and developed simultaneously with the prosperity of local industries.
Prosper an industry and enrich the people. At present, the annual output of Mengzi blueberries can reach 1240,000 tons, with an output value of 11100 million yuan, a small blueberry fruit, has grown into a rich peasant industry, achieved a new way to increase income, and held up the stable happiness of the peasant masses.