Cervical cancer, as a common malignant tumor, poses a serious threat to women's life and health. However, many women's understanding of cervical cancer is still superficial, and they do not understand the course of its disease and how to prevent it. This article will analyze the whole process of cervical cancer in detail from the aspects of the pathogenesis, development process, symptoms, diagnosis methods, methods and preventive measures of cervical cancer, so as to help female friends better understand and prevent this disease.
1. Causes of cervical cancer
The occurrence of cervical cancer is closely related to human papillomavirus (HPV) infection. There are many types of HPV viruses, among which persistent infection with high-risk HPV (such as HPV, etc.) is the main cause of cervical cancer. In addition, factors such as poor lifestyle habits, weakened immune system, multiple pregnancies, and long-term oral contraceptives may also increase the risk of cervical cancer.
2. The development process of cervical cancer
The development process of cervical cancer usually goes through the following stages:
1. HPV infection: The HPV virus infects cervical epithelial cells through sexual contact, etc.
2. Persistent infection: Persistent infection with high-risk HPV, resulting in abnormal proliferation of cervical epithelial cells.
3. Cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN).: Abnormal hyperplasia of cells gradually develops into cervical intraepithelial neoplasia, which is divided into three grades: CIN1, CIN2, and CIN3.
4. Carcinoma in situ: CIN3 progresses further, forming carcinoma in situ, in which the cancer cells are confined to the cervical epithelium.
5. Invasive cancer: Carcinoma in situ breaks through the epithelial layer and infiltrates into surrounding tissues, forming invasive carcinoma. Invasive cancer can be divided into different stages according to the size of the tumor, the extent of invasion, etc.
3. Symptoms of cervical cancer
Cervical cancer may have no obvious symptoms in the early stages, but as the disease progresses, the following symptoms may occur:
1. Contact bleeding: Such as **post-bleeding, **post-examination bleeding, etc.
2. Irregular ** bleeding: Non-menstrual bleeding, or prolonged menstruation, increased menstrual flow, etc.
3. **Drainage: White or bloody, thin watery or rice swill-like, fishy-smelling discharge.
4. Late symptoms: As the condition worsens, symptoms such as frequent urination, urgency, constipation, and swelling and pain in the lower limbs may occur.
4. Diagnostic methods for cervical cancer
The diagnosis of cervical cancer is mainly based on the following methods:
1. Cervical cytology examination: A sample of cervical cells is collected and examined under a microscope to find abnormal cells.
2. HPV detection: Tests for infection by detecting the HPV virus in cervical cells.
3. **Microscopic examination: Observe the changes on the surface of the cervix and epithelial tissue under the ** microscope, and find suspicious lesions.
4. Histopathological examination: Cervical tissue is taken for pathological examination to confirm the diagnosis of cervical cancer and determine its stage.
Fifth, the best means of cervical cancer
The most advanced methods of cervical cancer mainly include surgery, radiotherapy, chemotherapy, etc., and the specific plan needs to be comprehensively considered according to the patient's age, physical condition, tumor stage and other factors.
1. Surgery**: Patients with early-stage cervical cancer can undergo surgery**, including cervical conization, total hysterectomy, etc.
2. Radiotherapy: Radiotherapy is one of the main methods of cervical cancer, including external radiation and internal irradiation. Radiation therapy can shrink tumors, relieve symptoms, and improve patients' quality of life.
3. Chemotherapy: Chemotherapy is mainly used in patients with advanced or **cervical cancer**, which kills or inhibits the growth of cancer cells through drugs. Chemotherapy can be used in combination with other means to improve the effect.
6. Preventive measures for cervical cancer
The key to preventing cervical cancer is to avoid HPV infection, so it is important to take the following precautions:
1. Get HPV vaccinationHPV vaccination is an effective means of preventing cervical cancer and can significantly reduce the risk of HPV infection. It is recommended that women of appropriate age get vaccinated against HPV as soon as possible.
2. Regular cervical screening: Through regular cervical cytology examination and HPV testing, abnormal cervical hyperplasia and precancerous lesions can be detected in time, so as to prevent the occurrence of cervical cancer.
3. Maintain a healthy lifestyle: Avoid unclean sex and reduce the number of sexual partners; Pay attention to personal hygiene and keep it clean; Avoid bad habits such as smoking and alcoholism; Maintain a healthy diet, exercise moderately, and boost your immunity.
As a common malignant tumor, cervical cancer poses a serious threat to women's life and health. However, by understanding the causes, development process, symptoms, diagnostic methods, methods and preventive measures of cervical cancer, we can better understand and prevent this disease. It is hoped that the analysis of this article can help women better understand the whole process of cervical cancer, so as to take effective preventive measures to protect their health. At the same time, we also call on the majority of female friends to conduct regular cervical screening, timely detection and ** cervical abnormal hyperplasia and precancerous lesions, and escort their own health.