The Jin State destroyed the Northern Song Dynasty, and the Southern Song Dynasty retaliated in a hundred years, and the number of people fell from 7 million to 100,000, and the national strength decreased sharply
In the long river of Chinese history and civilization, the succession of dynasties has promoted the development of history, and in this process, the agrarian civilization and the nomadic civilization have collided sharply, and the fusion of the two has finally formed our great multi-ethnic and multi-racial country.
However, the process of integration was accompanied by a lot of bloodshed and violence, which discouraged the next generation of peaceful people.
War is cruel, accompanied by life and death, but in the long river of history, war is inevitable, and mediocre dynasties have to go on the path of preying on the common people, and the final way out is only death.
Among the regimes established by the nomads, the Liao and Jin dynasties were very important. The Liao Dynasty, founded by the Khitans, had nine emperors and lasted 218 years; The Jin dynasty, founded by the Jurchens, had ten emperors and lasted 119 years.
In 907 AD, Liao Taizu Yelu Abaoji became the Khitan Khan with his strong political ability, and officially established the state, with the capital in Linxiangfu (now Balinzuoqi, Chifeng City, Inner Mongolia).
After 40 years of development, the comprehensive national strength of the Liao State has been very strong, and Liao Taizong, under the leadership of Yelu Deguang, went south to the Central Plains, crossed Bianjing in one fell swoop, ascended the throne and became the emperor, and officially changed the name of the country to Da Liao.
During the reign of Tianzu of the Liao Dynasty, the world was in turmoil, Tianzu was incompetent, bullied the Jin people, and imposed more and more taxes and miscellaneous taxes, which eventually led to the Jin uprising.
In 1115, Wanyan Agu became emperor and established the Dajin Kingdom in Harbin, Heilongjiang, and approached the Great Liao Kingdom.
How can a corrupt regime defeat a new regime? In the Jin-Liao War, the Liao were defeated, so the Northern Song Dynasty saw an opportunity to form an alliance with the Jin and attack the Liao.
The only thing that the Northern Song Dynasty didn't expect was that the Jin State was not enough to deal with the lord, so after the Liao State fell, the Jin State went south to destroy the Northern Song Dynasty.
A hundred years later, the Jin Dynasty also went to extinction, and the Southern Song Dynasty monarchs and ministers opened an angry revenge mode, reducing the number of women from 7 million to 100,000.
Shame on Jingkang. In 1126 AD, Jin Taizong Wanyan Sheng ordered the Jin State to attack the Song Dynasty with two armies, and the Jin State, as the demon of the Northern Song Dynasty, came again, and the Northern Song Dynasty had just dealt with the threat of the Liao State, and the corrupt Northern Song Dynasty had lost its combat effectiveness and could only be killed at this time.
As Hu Cheng wrote in "Two Thousand Years", the Jin army was invincible and could not go south into anyone's territory:
When the Jin soldiers crossed the dangerous pass on the way south, there was no Song soldiers to defend, and the Jin people lamented the incompetence of the Song Dynasty, which shows the incompetence of the Song army at that time.
Zhao Ji confronted the Jin army in Kaifeng, was so frightened that he hurriedly abdicated to avoid becoming the king of the dead country, passed the throne to Zhao Zhen's son Zhao Huan, and continued to enjoy himself in the harem.
Song Qinzong was certainly an ungrateful man during the reign of Zhao Huan and was killed by his own father, but he became emperor and climbed to the top of Thunder Mountain.
However, the Jin soldiers were not stupid, and after capturing Kaifeng, they did not let go of Zhao Ji, who had already given up, but imprisoned him along with Song Qinzong.
Kaifeng was a good place for Jin Bing, but it was not their home, so they planned to go home after Kaifeng had done what they wanted to do, much to the delight of Song Huizong and Song Qinzong.
Before leaving, the Jin soldiers directly captured more than 14,000 people in the Jin Kingdom, including Song Huizong and Song Qinzong and their wives, princesses, nobles, cronies, and craftsmen.
The Northern Song Dynasty officially fell, and this historical event was called the great shame of the Central Plains Dynasty, and the history was called the shame of Jingkang.
Zhao Gouxing, the king of Song Kang, fled happily, and fled all the way to Nanjing to claim the emperor of Yingtianfu, and restored the Song Dynasty, known as the Southern Song Dynasty in history, but the Jin State was strong, and the Southern Song Dynasty could only humbly beg for peace, and the Central Plains Dynasty had no overlord at all.
Fall of the Jin dynasty (1115-1234).
The Southern Song Dynasty weakened, and the balance of war had long since tilted in favor of the Jin Dynasty, which ruled the Southern Song Dynasty for more than a hundred years, but it was not until the Jin Dynasty that the Mongols began to rise peacefully.
In 1206 AD, Genghis Khan of the Mongols unified Mobei and Monan to establish the Great Mongolian State.
At that time, Mongolia was seriously hostile to Kim and tried to break Kim's control. Due to the incompetence of the then Emperor Wanyan Yongji, Genghis Khan naturally seized this golden opportunity to destroy the Jin State.
Genghis Khan was a natural soldier, and his military prowess was almost unmatched in the world at that time. He first attacked the Western Xia, eliminated the Jin people, broke the Jin Xia alliance, Wanyan Yongji sat idly by, and finally subdued the Western Xia and relied on the Mongols to attack the Jin people.
In 1211, the Mongols officially launched the Mengjin War, defeating 400,000 Jin soldiers at Yehuling, because the middle road of the capital of the Jin Kingdom was an impregnable opportunity to retreat and recover.
In this year, Mongolia once again launched a war against Jin and besieged Datongfu, the capital of the Jin Dynasty.
After Jin Xuanzong ascended the throne, he believed that he should follow the example of the Southern Song Dynasty and move the capital directly to Kaifeng instead of Mongolia.
Although Jin Xuanzong's goal was to revive the Jin dynasty, his lack of talent and cynicism failed to salvage the situation, and the Jin dynasty's demise was inevitable.
Crazy revenge. In the case of being attacked on all sides, Xuanzong died depressed and passed the throne to Wanyan Shouxu, who was proclaimed Ruizong.
Jin Aizong did not want to squander his existing family property, but tried to negotiate peace with the Western Xia and Southern Song Dynasty, and gathered a group of famous generals to fight the Mongols, so that the Jin state had a brief life.
Genghis Khan died of illness on the way to conquer Western Xia, the Jin Empire breathed a sigh of relief, and Jin Aizong also thought that the Mongols would temporarily stop, but a year after Ögedei ascended the throne, the Mongols actually sent a three-way army to attack the Jin Empire together.
It was a fierce battle, and the famous generals of the Jin Dynasty against Mongolia, Zhang Hui, Wanyan Heda, Wanyan Zonghan, Shang Kexi and others died in this battle, and the Mongol army besieged Bianjing for thousands of kilometers.
Due to the strong walls of Bianjing, Mongolia and Jin signed a peace treaty, but Jin Aizong soon killed the Mongol envoys, causing the Mongol army to attack the city again, and Jin Aizong had no choice but to abandon Bianjing and fled to Guide Province.
Pursued by the Mongol general Shi Tianze, Jin Aizong was forced to flee to Caizhou again.
Shi Tianze saw that Jin Aizong had fled so quickly, and it was time to throw in reinforcements, so he invited the Southern Song Dynasty generals Meng Hui and Jiang Hai to lead the army to besiege Jin Aizong.
When the monarchs and ministers of the Southern Song Dynasty got the news, they naturally would not refuse, after all, the hatred caused by the shame of Jingkang a hundred years ago was never forgotten by the Song people.
In 1234 AD, the Mongol and Song coalition forces besieged Caizhou. Jin Aizong did not want to be the king of the dead country, and passed the throne to Wanyan Chenglin, the commander of the Jin army, but soon Caizhou was besieged, Jin Aizong committed suicide, Wanyan Chenglin died in the rebellion, and the Jin Dynasty perished.
After the fall of the Jin Dynasty, the anger of the Southern Song Dynasty monarchs and ministers suddenly awakened, and the Song and Mongolian coalition forces took revenge frantically in the territory of the Jin State, using sharp butcher knives to ** the unarmed Jin people.
As a result, the number of goblins decreased from 7 million to 100,000 and was on the verge of extinction.
The revenge of the Southern Song Dynasty did not change the inevitable outcome of the fall of the Southern Song Dynasty, the fall of the Southern Song Dynasty, and the destruction of Mongolia decades later; The whole cycle of cause and effect seems to confirm that there are no permanent allies in the struggle for power, only permanent interests.
In any case, it is shameful to brand a butcher's knife at someone else.
References: "History of the Song Dynasty", "History of Jin", "History of Liao", "History of the Yuan", etc.