1st place Newton.
Isaac Newton was a famous British physicist, mathematician and astronomer. He is known as a central figure in the scientific revolution and has made outstanding contributions in the fields of mechanics, optics and mathematics.
In mechanics, Newton summarized the three laws of motion, which became one of the cornerstones of classical mechanics. He also studied the laws of gravitation, revealing the laws of celestial motion, which provided an important basis for later astronomical and cosmological research. By demonstrating the consistency between Kepler's laws of planetary motion and his theory of gravity, he revealed that the motion of terrestrial objects and celestial bodies follows the same laws of nature, providing strong theoretical support for heliocentrism.
In optics, Newton's discovery that white light is actually made up of light of different colors gave impetus to the development of optics and color theory.
In the field of mathematics, Newton, together with Leibniz, independently developed calculus, which provided a powerful tool for later mathematical and scientific research.
Newton's achievements lie not only in his scientific discoveries, but also in his scientific method. He emphasized the importance of experimentation and observation, and advocated the discovery of natural laws through inductive and deductive reasoning. This scientific method had a profound impact on later scientific research.
Newton once said that his scientific achievements were "standing on the shoulders of giants", which is not entirely Newton's humble words, Newton's three laws of motion and the law of universal gravitation were indeed made on the achievements of Galileo and Kepler, two giants who came before them.
In areas other than the natural sciences, Newton served as director of the British Mint, proposing the gold standard. Interestingly, Newton also speculated on the famous South China Sea Bubble in Britain, which gave birth to the world-famous proverb: "I can calculate the trajectory of the celestial bodies, but it is difficult to predict the madness of human nature." ”
In his later years, Newton devoted himself to the study of alchemy and theology. In fact, theology was the focus of Newton's life and not just his later years.
Newton was a devout believer, and his beliefs had a profound impact on his scientific research and outlook on life. He believed that God was the creator and ruler of the universe and that the laws of nature were manifestations of God's creation. Therefore, he hopes to better understand God's relationship with the universe by studying theology.
In fact, Newton's law of gravitation, although it unifies the motion of the ground and the sky, the planets revolve around the sun conditionally: the planets must be in motion for their gravitational pull to be valid (centripetal force). If the planet is not revolving around the Sun but stationary, then the planet will be drawn into the Sun by the Sun's gravitational pull. In other words, according to Newton, God must have pushed these planets first, and then God could leave it alone and leave it to the law of gravitation.
Newton never married and was buried in the famous Westminster Abbey after his death.
The "Top Ten Scientists" series is over, and since there are only ten, there are a few scientists who can only endure the pain, and I personally have at least the following three in my heart: Kepler, Marie Curie, and Schrödinger. I'll have a chance to write about them again in the future. ）