In 1937, **once commented**: Mr. He has three things: first, he is resolute in the struggle against the enemy; the second is loyalty to the party; The third is to connect with the masses. "As *** commented, the revolutionary and glorious life of the marshal showed all for the party, all loyal to the party's pure heart, the noble demeanor of serving the people wholeheartedly, and the superb art of fighting against the enemy. His noble character was admired by posterity.
* Born in March 1896 in a poor family in Sangzhi County, Hunan, he dropped out of school after five years of private school because his family was so poor. Since childhood, ** has been oppressed in the turbulent old China at the end of the Qing Dynasty and the beginning of the Republic of China, and has also witnessed social injustice, but he has a strong sense of justice, never succumbs to the darkness of society, and likes to fight grievances for the poor people. The ** of my youth naively believed that if the poor wanted not to be bullied, they had to unite. So he joined the Elders' Association, but soon found that organizations such as the Elders' Association could not fundamentally solve the problems of ordinary people's lives, nor were they enough to fundamentally change people's predicaments. Ordinary people must find a new path for Chinese society to have hope.
In 1914, ** joined the Chinese Revolutionary Party led by Sun Yat-sen, and in February 1916, two kitchen knives made a revolution in Bamao Creek and responded to Cai Yihu**. After Yuan Shikai's death, Beijing** did not change much under the control of the Beiyang warlords. The Chinese Revolutionary Party was engaged in serious infighting, and the revolutionary army and some warlords under the guise of revolution were fighting each other. However, he did not abandon his revolutionary ideals because of his confusion, and he was convinced that China would inevitably find a correct path.
The hard work paid off, and in 1924, ** finally came into contact with advanced socialist ideas. In the summer of that year, ** was stationed in Tongren County, Guizhou, and his friend Zhou Yiqun was studying at the Huangpu Military Academy. He wrote a letter to **, introduced the situation of the cooperation between the Kuomintang and the Communist Party, and sent some Marxist-Leninist literature and periodicals. **Deeply struck. It was as if he had seen the long-awaited light from the darkness, and since then he has clearly defined his political ideals and unswervingly moved closer to the Communist Party of China, which is turning over for the liberation of the people. His simple revolutionary consciousness underwent a qualitative change, and he began to follow the party wholeheartedly, grew into a highly decorated communist fighter, and eventually became the founder and leader of the people's army.
* Unswerving in their ideals and beliefs, and unswerving in their revolutionary beliefs. Chiang Kai-shek had given ** a huge amount of support of 5 million oceans before the Nanchang Uprising, as well as the official position of commander of the Hanyang Arsenal and the Wuhan garrison. **Period, ordinary warlords can't ask for this, because with money, power, and guns, they can call for wind and rain and control one side, which is not small. But compared to the bright future of the country, these are not worth mentioning at all, and they cannot shake their beliefs at all. On July 17, two days after Wang Jingwei's rebellion, in a speech to officers above the company level, he expressed his resolute attitude towards following the Communist Party. He said: "The revolution has reached a critical juncture, and there are three ways out before us: the first is to disband the ranks and everyone go back to their hometowns. The second is to follow Chiang Kai-shek and Wang Jingwei to do counter-revolutionaries, ** workers and peasants. The first road is the road of death, the road of suicide, and the second road is the road of being a counter-revolutionary, which is also the road of suicide, and we must not take it. No matter how dangerous it is in the future, even if the knife is on my neck, I will never take such a road. Now we can only take the third road, that is, follow the Communist Party on the road of revolution and resolutely go to the end! At this time, although he had not yet joined the Communist Party of China, he firmly believed that the Communist Party was the party that truly fought for the toiling masses, and firmly believed that the Communist Party would inevitably be able to achieve final victory.
On July 27, he was met with at the command of **to**. This was the first time the two met, and they unreservedly informed them of the entire plan of the uprising. At that time, the plan for the uprising was a top secret of the party. The party has complete trust in the party that has not yet joined the party, and ** is also extremely loyal to the party he yearns for, and he said firmly: "I completely obey the orders of the Communist Party, and the party will do whatever the party wants me to do!" On the same day, on behalf of the Committee of Former Enemies of the Communist Party of China, he appointed ** as the commander-in-chief of the rebel army.
The rebel troops marched to Ruijin at the end of August and the beginning of September, and officially joined the Communist Party of China in Mianjiang Middle School (now Ruijin No. 4 Middle School), the former enemy headquarters Mianjiang Middle School (now Ruijin No. 4 Middle School), the introduction to the party was Zhou Yiqun and Tan Pingshan, and the witness was *** Since then, ** has realized his long-standing wish, finally joined the Communist Party of China, and transformed from an old-style soldier to a communist fighter. **On the second day of joining the party, all the officers and soldiers were summoned and solemnly announced: "I joined the party last night. In the past, what we did was nothing more than to fight the rich and help the poor, help the weak and suppress the strong, and redress the grievances of the common people, but we could not make a big name. Now I know that the communism of the Communist Party is aimed at eliminating the evil society of cannibalism, exploitation, and oppression, and then building a beautiful communist society. Everyone should be clear about this lofty goal and join the Communist Party of China. If you are willing to join the party, I will be the introducer. ”
Later, ** once recalled his experience of joining the party: "Some materials say that I have looked for the party seventy times, counting the previous requirements, I can't remember clearly, not seventy times, I'm afraid there are dozens of times!" In 1942, ** once said in Yan'an: "In order to test me and train me, the party trained me for three years, and it was not until after the 'August 1' uprising that the party approved me to participate." It can be seen from this that it is not easy to be a member of the Communist Party of China, and it is necessary to stand the test, and after joining the party, it is even more necessary to stand the party's long-term test. It is by no means that once you participate, everything will be fine, and you will no longer need the party's test. ”
After joining the party, he completely obeyed the party's command, obeyed the party's decisions, and maintained the party's unity. This principle of party spirit is embodied in many things, among which the struggle with Zhang Guotao is the most representative. June 1936, Red.
2. The Red Sixth Army and the Red Fourth Front Army met in Ganzi, Sichuan. At the Ganzi Conference, with firm party spirit and principles, he worked with comrades such as ** to clearly oppose Zhang Guotao's **ism and erroneous line, forced Zhang Guotao to agree to go north, and effectively safeguarded the unity of the Red Army, the authority of **, and the unity of the party. After arriving in northern Shaanxi, at a meeting in Yan'an, ** said to Zhang Guotao: "When you were a member of the Communist Party, I was still a warlord; Now that I'm a Communist, you've become a warlord! In Yan'an, **highly praised**'s revolutionary spirit, calling him "the banner of the Red Second Front Army".
In 1943, Ren Bishi commented at a meeting of senior cadres of the Northwest Bureau of the Communist Party of China: The greatness of the comrade lies not only in this, but in his consistent loyalty to the party towards the revolution. He has an indomitable spirit and is not discouraged by the defeat of the struggle. "He must continue to carry out the tasks entrusted by the party, or what he has made up his mind to do, no matter what difficulties and dangers there may be. In this way, when you work with him, it will make you feel that there is a force to rely on, and it will increase your confidence in victory. ”
"Resolute struggle against the enemy."
* When he was young, he participated in the revolution and had a lot of revolutionary experience. Although he did not receive a "professional" military education, he was good at summing up his experience in military practice, and he was not only strategic, resourceful, and flexible in military affairs, but also always firm and calm, brave and tenacious, and made outstanding military exploits and won many vicious battles.
-for-tat and uncompromising against the enemy, this is an excellent quality that has been possessed since youth. During the Protectorate War, the Japanese invaders were powerful and arrogant, and the direct warlord Wu Peifu used the Japanese merchant ship "Yiyang Maru" to transport arms, and decisively seized the ship and the arms and materials on board, and detained two Japanese sailors, and resolutely demanded compensation from the Japanese side. In the course of the negotiations, the Japanese side took a very arrogant attitude, took a-for-tat confrontation, refused to give an inch, and resolutely defended the dignity of the country.
After the Nanchang uprising troops were frustrated in the south, the ** as a new party member was not discouraged. He said firmly: "I am unwilling, I will do it to the end." Just let me go back to Xiangxi, I want to make a comeback! After synthesizing the opinions of all parties, it was decided to send ** to break through all kinds of obstacles, return from Shanghai to western Hunan and Hubei to form a Red Army, and create a base area. ** Resolutely implement the party's decisions. At the beginning of 1928, ** contacted the Jianli County Party Committee, the Central Hubei Special Committee and the Shishou Central County Party Committee, and held a joint meeting in Huangjiadun, Jianli County. At the meeting, Zhou Yiqun conveyed to everyone the instructions on opening up a base area in western Hunan and Hubei provinces, and decided to transfer the revolutionary armed forces of the Central Hubei Special Committee and the Shishou Central County Party Committee to Jianli County, merge with He Jinzhai's department, and open up a revolutionary base area. After the integration of the three revolutionary armed forces, there were only more than 300 people, but they held high the banner of the 49th Route Army of the Workers' and Peasants' Revolutionary Army. Next, ** commanded the 49th Route Army, launched the Nianguan riots on both sides of the Jingjiang River, and successively attacked Shangchewan, Zhuhe Town, Shakuhachi Town, as well as Huarong's brick bridge, Changgang Temple, Shishou's Diaoguan, and Lotus Pond, eliminated a large number of bandits and regimental defense forces, suppressed a group of local tyrants and inferior Kun, conquered the enemy's garrison, and even captured a Kuomintang cavalry regiment, and won one battle after another. Soon, the 49th Route Army rapidly grew to more than 1,000 people, becoming the largest revolutionary armed force in the Honghu area, effectively inspiring the enthusiasm of the local masses for struggle, and striking at and shaking the reactionary rule of the Kuomintang in the local area. **Before returning to Xiangxi, it has made a comeback.
At the end of February 1928, ** returned to his hometown Sangzhi. The situation in Sangzhi was very serious, and the regular Kuomintang army and local regimental defense and other reactionary forces were scattered all around, which seriously threatened the smooth launching of the uprising. In the face of tremendous pressure, he dealt with it calmly and flexibly, and he targeted "pulling relations" and "digging into the wall", and sent nearly 100 letters to the armed forces entrenched in the surrounding area, telling them to change their positions, participate in the revolution, and defeat the Kuomintang reactionaries together; secondly, to provide support for the revolutionary ranks, with military and food support; Thirdly, it is also necessary to maintain neutrality, and strategies such as "fake fighting" and "true peace" can be adopted. ** These letters had the expected effect, and the armed forces had to be fearful, most of them maintained a neutral attitude, and there was no shortage of those who offered material support. For these neutral forces, ** maintain with them the relationship that the water of the well does not interfere with the water of the river; We will resolutely deal a heavy blow to those reactionary armed forces who dare to invade and are stubborn. Such a clear and distinct attitude has also made the surrounding armed forces see the situation clearly, pursue advantages and avoid disadvantages, and dare not make mistakes. ** Zhou Yiqun also actively promoted the Communist Party's ideas to some local celebrities in Sangzhi County to win their support for the revolution. In just over 20 days, a revolutionary armed force of more than 3,700 people rose rapidly, and the Workers' and Peasants' Revolutionary Army was announced. In the early morning of April 2, the famous Sangzhi Uprising broke out. In July 1929, after more than a year of heroic struggle, ** and others successfully opened up the Hunan and Hubei border Soviet areas and created the Fourth Army of the Workers' and Peasants' Revolutionary Army (later renamed the Red Fourth Army and the Red Second Army). In July 1930, the Red Second Army and the Red Sixth Army of the Honghu Soviet District met in Nanping, Hubei Public Security, and formed the Red Second Army with a scale of more than 10,000 people, and served as the commander-in-chief. The revolutionary base area in western Hunan and Hubei was later there.
During the Second Civil Revolutionary War, it developed into one of the three major Soviet regions of our country. ** Resolutely fighting in the face of adversity, starting from scratch and starting from scratch, it took just over two years to re-establish a strong division for the party's people's army. His commitment and perseverance have made historic contributions to the revolutionary cause of the Communist Party of China.
In 1931, the Second Army of the Red Army was reorganized into the Third Army due to changes in the situation of the struggle. In October 1934, the Red Third Army and the Red Sixth Army joined forces, and in order to provide strong support and response to the Red Army's Long March, regardless of the objective conditions of insufficient combat effectiveness of the troops, they resolutely led their troops to attack the enemy fiercely. At that time, the two armies had just met, and the number was less than 8,000 people, not only was the strength insufficient, but also in the course of the long-term struggle, the commanders and fighters were very tired, and there was a relative shortage of them. In such a situation, an onslaught on an enemy with superior forces was considered by many to be tantamount to moths to a fire, and some people raised concerns. How can you not know this danger? But he said firmly: "The battle that is beneficial to the overall situation must be fought no matter how many difficulties there are!" "Under the excellent command of ** and other comrades, the Red Third Army and the Red Sixth Army captured Taoyuan, besieged Changde, and effectively contained more than 100,000 enemy troops, so that they could not effectively encircle the ** Red Army. Taking into account the overall situation, resolutely fighting, regardless of gains and losses, striving to ensure the safety of the Red Army, and once again making outstanding contributions to the revolutionary cause.
In the early summer of 1940, the Japanese army began to carry out several rounds of crazy "sweeps" on the base areas in the northwest of Shanxi. * Commanded the 12th Division of the Eighth Route Army to maneuver with the enemy, effectively resisted and defused many dangerous situations, and allowed the Japanese army's "sweeping" troops to return home. However, the Japanese army was not reconciled, and at the end of June organized another vigorous "sweep". * After fully studying and judging the information, he led the troops to move to a small village in Xingxian County, went around the flank and rear flank of the Japanese army, and transferred smoothly, so that the fierce Japanese army pounced. Two days later, most of the Japanese troops had retreated, and the Japanese troops entrenched in Xingxian County began to retreat and were left alone. **Seizing this important opportunity, he ordered the Eighth Route Army to violently**, smash the Japanese army and make it form a major **, and achieved a hard-won victory.
In August 1945, Japanese imperialism officially announced its surrender. In order to cooperate with *** to go to Chongqing for negotiations, ** believes that fighting a few good battles is very important to the situation at this time. He decided to attack Wenshui County, an important town located about 80 kilometers southwest of Taiyuan and still occupied by the Japanese puppet army. ** Carefully study and plan carefully before going to war. On the afternoon of August 30, just as ** led the troops to Wenshui County, it suddenly rained heavily in the sky, which caused great difficulties for the advance of the troops for a while. Some cadres have no bottom in their hearts and ask ** for instructions: Now that the rain is too heavy, it is difficult for the troops to advance on the muddy road, can they wait for the rain to pass and the sky will be clear before attacking the city? ** said: "The wind and rain are raging, and the enemy is generally unprepared, and it is a good time for us to attack the enemy unprepared." Then the order was given: keep going, "rain or shine!" The commanders and fighters fully understood the intention of the first and were also encouraged by the words "rain or shine", and they worked hard to persevere, continued to move forward on the muddy road, and arrived outside Wenshui County. At the beginning of the siege, ** personally commanded the battle. The fierce battle lasted for a day, and most of the enemy in the county surrendered, and the rest were annihilated when they broke through. After recovering Wenshui County, ** commanded the troops of the southern and northern lines to pursue the victory, continued to resolutely fight against the stubborn Japanese puppet army, successively recovered a number of county seats, consolidated the Jinsui Liberated Area, and provided an important political and military foundation for the Chongqing negotiations.
"Connecting the masses".
* Born as an ordinary peasant, he set a lofty ambition from his youth and youth to find a way to rescue the toiling masses and find a great way to turn over and become a master for the people. In his life, he always put the people's suffering and people's happiness in his heart. He participated in the Yuan Protectorate Movement, the ** Movement, the Northern Expedition, and later joined the Communist Party of China. No matter how far the troops he leads go to **, he will do what he can for the poor people. He built schools, bridges and roads, built water conservancy, punished bullies, exterminated bandits, and abolished harsh taxes.
* After joining the Communist Party of China, he was further deeply influenced by the party's mass work. In his work, he attached great importance to maintaining close ties with the masses and showing concern for their livelihood. He often said: "Resolutely relying on the people, maintaining close ties with the people, serving the people wholeheartedly, and never separating ourselves from the masses at any time are the basic conditions for our victory." ”
In 1931, at a meeting of the ** sub-bureau, ** advocated the transfer of a part of the Red Army rations to help the hungry masses affected by the floods. Some comrades also believed that at that time, the Red Army was short of military rations, its transportation capacity was unsustainable, and it was still very difficult for it to feed millions of people. Although what this comrade said was also true, ** expressed his resolute opposition, he said: "The masses are dying of hunger, our Communist Party does not care about them, what kind of revolution is there to carry out?" "* Persevering in overcoming difficulties and allowing the troops to concentrate all their animal resources and transport ships to deliver food to the disaster areas day and night to feed the affected people, this has saved a large number of victims and enabled them to tide over the difficulties.
In the spring of 1932, ** led his troops to the north of Hanshui. On the march, he asked the soldiers to buy a load of lotus roots, but he never asked the cooking class to make these lotus roots into vegetables, but he kept bringing them to the vicinity of Jingshan in the north of Hanshui. The Jingshan area is a hilly landform, and there is no habit of growing lotus root in the local area. ** The soldiers were instructed to plant lotus root in a deserted pond in the area, and said, "In this way, the common people here can also eat lotus root." ”
In the same year, ** led the Red Third Army on the way to western Hubei Province, when he saw the guards tethering their horses, they accidentally stepped on the buds of local farmers. **Immediately left money to compensate the farmers, and has been thinking about this matter, half a month later, he sent someone to find the owner of the bud seedlings, and personally came to apologize to him. At that time, he was the commander-in-chief of the Red Army, and he was busy with military affairs, but he attached great importance to such a small matter, and never forgot it, which on the one hand shows that the interests of the masses are in a lofty position in the minds of the Red Army, and on the other hand, it has also played an important role in demonstrating and leading the Red Army commanders and fighters.
In 1934, ** led the troops to pass by a small mountain village and found that this mountain village had been looted by bandits, the houses were burned down by bandits, and the villagers were homeless and miserable. He and the soldiers helped the villagers build and repair their houses and rebuild their homes, and in addition, they also gave more than 20 yuan to each villager. **When the troops left, the villagers invariably saw off the troops and were grateful. On another occasion, ** led the Red Army to open a landlord's granary and distribute grain to the local oppressed poor peasants, but the peasants had many concerns in their hearts and did not dare to receive it. So, ** and his comrades sent grain to every household, and patiently explained to them: You are the toiling masses exploited by the landlords, and this grain is grown by your own hands and should be given to you. Don't be afraid, our Red Army is specially for you poor people.
During the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression, when the headquarters of the 12th Division of the Eighth Route Army led by ** was stationed in Lijiawan, Xingxian County, Shanxi, ** specially instructed that the horizontal bars and wooden horses and other equipment used by the soldiers for their usual training should be installed next to the roads that the common people pass through. As soon as he has time, he trains with the soldiers of the village, and he also encourages the people to use these sports equipment at any time to exercise their bodies. **I often talk to the common people, and sometimes when I chat with the old man in the village, I naturally fill my pipe with tobacco and hand it to the old man to smoke two sips. Sometimes, newcomers really can't tell which is the commander of the army and which is the common people, which shows the harmonious relationship between the military and the people. Because of his simple style and approachable demeanor, the locals affectionately call him "Mr. He". In 1942, there was a flood in the local area, and all the wells in the village were flooded. He often said: "Without the vast number of soldiers and the masses of the people, even if you have three heads and six arms, you are just a lonely person." Under the leadership of the first leader, it has become common practice for grassroots officers and soldiers to care about the masses, and the relationship between the military and the people is like a family. During that period, there was a ballad among the masses in the Jinsui border area, which was specially praised **: "Ah! Good comrade, what are you asking about our division commander? We have seen him: ho, his eyes are black and shiny, his body is burly and strong, living like a mountain, so steady; He seemed to be full of strength, and he spoke: 'Fellow countrymen, comrades: ......Yes! How loud that voice shook a thousand mountains. Who doesn't know: He often wins. When the enemy heard that he was coming, they were all like rats. When the people heard that he was coming, they were all overjoyed. Yes! Our Division Commander He has become strong and strong, and our Division Commander He has won the battle when he arrives! ”
After the founding of the People's Republic of China, the ** family lived in Beijing. As one of the founding fathers, he strictly demanded his children, maintained a thrifty family style, and behaved honestly and conscientiously like ordinary people. When the children reach the age of going to school, they set a strict rule: they are never allowed to ask the school for any extra care under their own banner, and whoever does such a thing will be despised and criticized by the whole family. **'s eldest son, He Pengfei, was once accidentally injured while playing football, and his leg was fractured and he couldn't walk. When he can go to school on crutches, He Pengfei is not allowed to take his special car to school, and rents a tricycle to take him to school every day. Some people think that in this case, it is understandable for the child to take his special car, but He Pengfei himself does not approve of it, and feels that he is the son of the marshal, and he should not be specialized. In 1963, He Pengfei failed to apply for Tsinghua University, and told him that the only way was to continue to work hard. Later, He Pengfei studied hard for a year, and finally got his wish and was admitted to Tsinghua University.
Since the early days of the founding of the People's Republic of China, he has been concurrently serving as the director of the National Sports Commission, and he is not only the founder of sports in New China, but also an advocate of the development of mass sports. The phrase "developing sports and enhancing the people's physique" put forward by the People's Republic of China should be grasped as a long-term task for the development of China's sports undertakings. Under the promotion of the first country, China's mass sports have flourished, broadcast gymnastics activities have been popularized by the whole people, national sports associations and more than 20,000 grassroots sports associations have been established, and the public sports venues, equipment, and funds in cities and villages have become more and more perfect, laying a solid foundation for the development of mass sports. **I have been practicing martial arts since childhood, and I deeply feel that the traditional quintessence of Chinese martial arts should be popularized to the masses. ** Blaze a trail and actively advocate the simplification of martial arts, so that the general public can easily comprehend and learn. Under the transformation and promotion of the first class, traditional Chinese martial arts have gradually become one of the healthy lifestyles of the people. (Chen Si).