Emperor Yongzheng was the third emperor of the Qing Dynasty and the fifth emperor of the Qing Dynasty. There are many doubts about Emperor Yongzheng, such as the throne, the sudden death of his biological mother, the cause of death, etc., but no matter how many doubts there are about Emperor Yongzheng, it is undeniable that Emperor Yongzheng is indeed oneEat and drinkof the industrious emperor. **Wan Fan Incentive Plan Whether it is "Step by Step" or "The Legend of Zhen Huan", Emperor Yongzheng gives us the impression that the concubines who are busy in the harem are trapped and disturbed by love. But in reality?
Emperor Yongzheng is oneWorkaholic, only three days off a year, and only four hours a day.
As long as there is an important recital, even if Yongzheng has fallen asleep, he will immediately get up to review it.
As one scholar said: Emperor Yongzheng is oneAn emperor who made achievements and contributed to the history of China, he connected the previous and the next, and only then did he create the prosperous Kangqian era of the Qing Dynasty and let the Qing Dynasty enter its heyday. Not only that, Yongzheng's implementation of "apportionment into mu" solves the problem of population tax in Chinese history; Policies such as returning fire consumption to the common community and raising incorruptible silver are of great significance. Throughout the history of China, the emperors,Yongzheng is an outstanding emperor who can be counted
We all know that behind every outstanding and capable emperor, there must be a group of capable courtiers.
There are indeed a lot of capable ministers in the Yongzheng Dynasty, whether it is Hanchen or Manchu, it is worth mentioning:
Zhang Tingyu. Li Wei.
Tian Wenjing. Mazie.
Zhu Shi. Li Fu.
Ortai. Yun Li. Yunroku.
These shrewd, capable, and loyal courtiers assisted Yongzheng in achieving great causes, and they were Yongzheng's very trusted and reused ministers; But Yongzheng died of illness after only 13 years of reign, we all know the sentence "once a son of heaven and a courtier", after Emperor Qianlong succeeded to the throne, he would naturally cultivate his own forces; As for the imperial examination left, Qianlong respected it very much at first, but what about later?
In this article, let's take a look at what happened to the important ministers during the Yongzheng Dynasty to the Qianlong Dynasty?
Emperor Qianlong can be regarded as the happiest emperor in the entire Qing Dynasty: although his biological mother's background is not high, because of his own competitiveness, he not only received the attention of Emperor Yongzheng, but also won the favor of Emperor Kangxi, and was kept by the side of Emperor Zu before he died.
In addition, Yongzheng finally ascended to the throne through the cruel competition between the nine kings, so he didn't want his son to go through it again. In the first year of Yongzheng, Yongzheng secretly designated Hongli as the crown prince by secretly appointing the crown prince. In order for Hongli to inherit the throne smoothly, Yongzheng took the initiative to help his son remove the obstacle to the crown prince, the third son of the emperor, Hongshi.
The fifth son of the emperor, Hongday, is a smart person, he understands his father Yongzheng's thoughts very well, and took the initiative to pretend to be stupid, so he escaped the catastrophe.
In this way, under the paving of his father, Hongli succeeded to the throne smoothly in the thirteenth year of Yongzheng without any waves.
Moreover, what Qianlong inherited from Huang Kao Yongzheng was a thriving and rapidly developing dynasty.
It stands to reason that Qianlong should be "grateful to Dade" and should insist that "whatever the imperial examination thinks is right, it is right; Whatever the imperial examination thinks is wrong, it is wrong." But Qianlong did not do so
The imperial uncles who banned the imperial examination circle were all released.
destroy all the "Records of the Great Righteous Jue" issued by the imperial examination;
Some of the new policies implemented by the imperial examination were also overturned one by one;
Even the courtiers who were reused in the imperial examination, Qianlong didn't like it.
Most of the old ministers who contributed to the "prosperous Kangqian era" with Yongzheng did not end very well in the Qianlong Dynasty. Why is that?
Although Emperor Qianlong succeeded to the throne very smoothly, he still faced the problems that every new emperor had to face after he ascended the throne: the courtiers in the court were all left by the previous emperor, and most of these courtiers were loyal ministers and good generals of the first emperor, not confidants of the new emperor; Among them, there is no shortage of old ministers who rely on the old and sell the old.
After each new emperor succeeds to the throne, he will pay special attention to the ministers who were good friends with him when he was the prince in the past, or he is in a hurry to cultivate his own new forces. Then the old ministers of the first emperor have become the top priority of Qianlong's disposal. Of course, these old ministers are all prestige and accomplished ministers, Qianlong naturally can't deal with them rashly, and needs to find suitable opportunities.
Emperor Qianlong was a very conceited emperor, and it was not surprising that he could treat the old ministers left behind by the imperial examination in this way.
Yongzheng's three favorite ministers are: Li Wei, Ortai and Tian Wenjing.
In many film and television dramas, Li Wei is portrayed as a beggar who is born and does not know a single word, in fact, in real history, Li Wei really doesn't like to read and doesn't know a few words, but his family background is very solid. It is precisely because the family has money that he donated a prison student qualification and officially entered the official career.
It is worth mentioning that although Li Wei is not a reading material, he is very good at being an official.
Kangxi was only a small outsider in the fifty-sixth year, and in the fifth year of Yongzheng, he became the governor of Zhejiang. In just 10 years, Li Wei became a feudal official, and the speed of his promotion was indeed staggering.
In the entire Yongzheng Dynasty, Li Wei was Yongzheng's confidant minister and held important positions.
Of course, the reason why Li Wei can be reused this is because he has always grasped two key points:
One is to be loyal to Yongzheng, as long as Yongzheng arranges things, Li Wei will do it wholeheartedly, and often play cards out of common sense, and the task is completed beautifully;
The second is to be responsible for the people, although Li Wei was born in a wealthy family, he is good at observing the people's sufferings and doing things for the people.
In the thirteenth year of Yongzheng, when Yongzheng died of illness, Li Wei was still in the post of governor of Zhili.
After Yongzheng died of illness, Qianlong did respect Li Wei, an old minister, and asked Li Wei to supervise Zhili Zonghe;
In the second year of Qianlong, Li Wei was rewarded with four regiments of dragons for impartial law enforcement.
In the third year of Yongzheng, Li Wei's old illness recurred, and Qianlong specially sent the imperial doctor to see Li Wei.
But after all, Li Wei failed to keep him, and soon Li Wei died of illness at the age of 51.
In fact, if we look at it this way, Qianlong treats Li Wei very well, at least Li Wei died well, and Qianlong also gave him the nickname "Minda", affirming Li Wei's life.
However, things often have a twist: once Qianlong went on a southern tour, passing by the West Lake, and wanted to enjoy the beautiful scenery of the West Lake, but saw that there were statues of Li Wei and Li Wei's wife and concubine in the flower temple of the West Lake, which was called "the god of the lake and the mountain". Qianlong was unhappy, and directly asked people to tear down the statues of Li Wei and others and burn them, and then said something contemptuous of Li Wei:
Li Wei relied on the kindness of the imperial examination, was extraordinarily arrogant and willful, and was not a fair and pure minister from the beginning. It is really surprising that a temple was built for it. ”
In this way, Qianlong directly denied Li Wei's achievements in his life.
As long as Ortai is mentioned, Zhang Tingyu has to be mentioned, and the party struggle between the two is something that has to be mentioned in the early Qianlong Dynasty.
Ortai Xilin Jue Luo is a Manchurian, belonging to the Manchurian blue flag, during the Kangxi period, was awarded the third-class guard, and thus entered the official career. Ortai was not reused in the entire Kangxi Dynasty, and it was a typical late bloomer.
After Yongzheng succeeded to the throne, Ortai ushered in an important turning point in his life:
In the first year of Yongzheng, he was promoted to the political envoy of Jiangxi;
In the third year of Yongzheng, he was promoted to the governor of Guangxi;
In the fourth year of Yongzheng, he became the governor of Yungui and became the official of the frontier.
When Ortai was the governor of Yungui, he helped solve a big problem with this: in the early years of Yongzheng, the Miao people in Yunnan-Guizhou often rebelled, and the southwest region was not peaceful.
When the entire imperial court did not know what to do, Ortai proposed a strategy of "changing the land and returning to the stream": directly abolishing the Tusi system in the southwest minority areas, and the imperial court directly sent officials to rule. Of course, the process will be very difficult, and the imperial court will need to send troops and horses to suppress it.
Yongzheng greatly appreciated Ortai's suggestion and resolutely supported Ortai.
Under the means of suppressing and appeasing Ortai, it successfully implemented the "reform of the land and return to the stream" in the southwest.
Yongzheng was very excited when he heard the news of success, and replied to Ortai like this: "I really thank you, I don't know how to treat you, so that you can feel at ease." ”
In addition to Ortai's "changing the land and returning to the stream", Yongzheng's reuse of Ortai also lies in Ortai's loyalty: during the Kangxi Dynasty, Ortai was still serving in the Ministry of Internal Affairs, and Yongzheng was still the prince who wanted to befriend Ortai, but was sternly rejected by Ortai. Yongzheng not only did not get angry, but admired Ortai very much, as a petty official, he dared to directly refuse the prince, and his courage was commendable.
Yongzheng's reuse and trust greatly increased Ortai's prestige in the court.
However, when Ortai was in the Yongzheng Dynasty, he spent most of his time outside Beijing, so there were not many opportunities to work with Zhang Tingyu, but in the tenth year of Qianlong, Ortai was recalled to the capital and appointed as a scholar of Baohedian University, occupying the position of the first assistant of the cabinet. And he was also named an earl, such a high position, Ortai is naturally indispensable to the villain who tends to be inflammatory, so that Ortai is no longer the original "simple" Ortai.
Because they began to work with Zhang Tingyu, the contradictions between the two became more and more prominent, what is going on?
Zhang Tingyu is an old minister who has gone through the Kangxi, Yongzheng, and Qianlong dynasties, and is the only Han minister in the Qing Dynasty who is worthy of enjoying the Taimiao.
Kangxi also paid special attention to Zhang Tingyu because of Zhang Ying. Zhang Tingyu entered the official career from the 39th year of Kangxi, and in the 55th year of Kangxi, he sat in the position of a cabinet bachelor and a waiter of the Ministry of Rites; In the more than 50 years of Kangxi, Zhang Tingyu was promoted to the left waiter of the Ministry of Officials and a bachelor of Hanlin.
Under Kangxi's special attention, Zhang Tingyu's talent also emerged.
After Yongzheng succeeded to the throne, he urgently needed to cultivate his own forces, firstly, because Zhang Tingyu's knowledge was really good and very talented, and secondly, because Yongzheng's teacher was Zhang Tingyu's father Zhang Ying, so Yongzheng entrusted Zhang Tingyu with important tasks.
In December of the sixty-first year of Kangxi, Zhang Tingyu was already the official secretary of the Ministry of Rites and Rites, and he was among the cardinals.
In the first year of Yongzheng, Zhang Tingyu entered the south study and became the teacher of the princes.
In March of the sixth year of Yongzheng, Zhang Tingyu was promoted to a scholar of Baohedian University and a secretary of the Ministry of Justice.
In the seventh year of Yongzheng, after Emperor Yongzheng set up the Military Aircraft Department, he ordered Zhang Tingyu, Yunxiang and Jiang Tingxi to manage the Military Aircraft Department together. After that, no matter what important things were in the Military Aircraft Department, Yongzheng would ask Zhang Tingyu to draft the will. Zhang Tingyu is not only in charge of the Military Aircraft Department, but also supervises the household department and the official department, which shows that Yongzheng's trust in him is by no means ordinary.
The reason why Zhang Tingyu is so reused is because Zhang Tingyu is a very knowledgeable person, he has always participated in the handling of Yongzheng's confidential government affairs, but he has never leaked it to others, even if it is a family member, Zhang Tingyu is tight-lipped; Moreover, Zhang Tingyu is still a living file, which can often achieve twice the result with half the effort.
Ten years before Yongzheng, there was actually no obvious party struggle in Yongzheng, because Ortai had been serving outside Beijing. Since Ortai returned to Beijing, the situation between the DPRK and China has been different.
Zhang Tingyu actually started earlier than Ortai, and Zhang Tingyu was not only a favorite minister of the Kangxi Dynasty, but also an important minister around Yongzheng, and he has been serving in Beijing. Although Ortai started later than Zhang Tingyu, he was born in the prominent Xilin Jueluo family, born in a noble family, plus he made great contributions, and he is also one of Yongzheng's "three favorite ministers", Ortai inevitably has an aggressive momentum.
It is worth mentioning that after Ortai returned to Beijing, he became the first assistant, which inevitably made Zhang Tingyu, who has always been highly used, uncomfortable.
In this way, slowly, a party struggle was formed between the DPRK and China
The Manchurians in the court all looked to Ortai horses.
The Han ministers in the court all followed Zhang Tingyu.
In the thirteenth year of Yongzheng, before Emperor Yongzheng died of illness, Zhang Tingyu and Ortai were appointed as Qianlong's ministers, and promised that "Zhang Tingyu can enjoy the Taimiao after a hundred years".
In this way, after Qianlong succeeded to the throne, Ortai and Zhang Tingyu became ministers in charge of affairs.
Even in the Qianlong Dynasty, the party struggle between Ortai and Zhang Tingyu still did not stop, and even intensified.
As soon as Qianlong ascended the throne, the first major conflict occurred between Ortai and Zhang Ting, which was caused by the rebellion of the Miao people in Guizhou and Guzhou. Qianlong's attitude towards Miaojiang's affairs was completely different from that of Emperor Yongzheng.
Hubei and Zhang did not directly clash head-on, but Zhang Guangsi (Hubei Party) and Zhang Zhao (Zhang Party) attacked each other.
The result of this party struggle was that Qianlong did not want one side to dominate and threaten the imperial power. Therefore, before forming their own forces, they should maintain the balance of strength between the two sides and contain each other.
In the sixth year of Qianlong, there was another major conflict between the Hubei and Zhang parties
Supervising the imperial history Zhong Yongtan (although he is Han but belongs to the Hubei Party), sued Zhang Dang ** and leaked secrets.
The outcome of the trial of this case surprised Qianlong: Qianlong reused the new minister Eshan (non-Zhang Dang and non-Hubei Dang) to ask for bribes, and Qianlong ordered him to commit suicide. Eshan was purely implicated in the party struggle and died.
After Qianlong succeeded to the throne, among the former Yongzheng ministers appointed, Ortai and Zhang Tingyu had the highest status. Since Qianlong restored the Military Aircraft Department, the princes of the clan were not allowed to serve in the Military Aircraft Department, Ortai was the chief minister of military aircraft, and Zhang Tingyu was in second place. Although the two set up portals for each other and poured into each other, they did not threaten Qianlong's imperial power.
It can be seen that Qianlong is a master who is very good at checking and balancing the ministers, and he is also very good at Ortai and Zhang Tingyu to implement the new policies of the imperial court. For an emperor with a strong desire for power like Qianlong: there can only be a Ming monarch in the court, and there can be no capable ministers; The court can have party disputes, but it cannot divide the power of the monarchy.
Therefore, Ortai and Zhang Tingyu never dared to take a step beyond Lei Chi, but even so, their later years were very bumpy, especially Zhang Tingyu.
In the tenth year of Qianlong, Ortai died of illness, and Qianlong issued a decree to allow him to enjoy the temple and enter the temple of virtue. However, eleven years later, Ortai was not stable after his death, because of the case of his nephew Echang and his protégé Hu ZhongzaoOrtai was directly withdrawn from the Xian Liang Temple
In fact, Ortai was reprimanded by Qianlong many times before his death, and Ortai finally realized that "Qianlong is not a stinky boy, but a talented and experienced veteran", so he began to hibernate. But even if Ortai is low-key, his protégés and family members are not so stableAs long as there is an accident, it will affect Ortai
But relatively speaking, Ortai's old age was relatively stable, after all, he only suffered some reprimands. But Zhang Tingyu is different:
In the thirteenth year of Qianlong, Zhang Tingyu resigned and returned to retirement. But the dignitaries of the Hubei partyShi Yizhibegan to make a big fuss about Zhang Tingyu's deserving of the Taimiao, and mentioned many times in front of Qianlong: Zhang Tingyu has never made great contributions and is not worthy of enjoying the Taimiao.
Qianlong was already angry about Zhang Tingyu's failure to thank him personally, and as soon as Shi Yi complained directly, Qianlong felt that his self-esteem had been greatly hurt, so he directly cut Zhang Tingyu's title and temporarily retained his honor of enjoying the Taimiao.
After that, Zhang Tingyu was reprimanded by Qianlong many times.
In fact, the reason why Qianlong was so harsh on Zhang Tingyu was related to an incident that happened in Qianlong's thirteenth year: Qianlong's favorite wife, Empress Xiaoxian, died of a sudden illness.
The sudden loss of his beloved made Qianlong unable to accept it for a while, so he went on a killing spree, and many of the princes, princes and ministers in the court were implicated, even the old ministers of the three dynasties like Zhang Tingyu could not avoid being named and accused.
In the face of Qianlong's aggressive reprimand, Zhang Tingyu just wanted to resign and return to his hometown as soon as possible, but Qianlong was not allowed, admonishing Zhang Tingyu that he should remember his vocation as a courtier.
However, Zhang Tingyu's "homesickness" is getting deeper and deeper, and it has reached the point of obsession.
In November of the thirteenth year of Qianlong, Qianlong also moved his heart of compassion and let Zhang Tingyu leave.
Originally, Zhang Tingyu would be able to return to his hometown after thanking him, but he didn't expect Zhang Tingyu to be confused again before leaving, and begged Qianlong: asking Qianlong to allow him to enjoy the Taimiao after a hundred years.
After all, this was promised by the imperial examination before he died, and Qianlong couldn't refuse directly, so he reluctantly agreed.
Unexpectedly, Zhang Tingyu did not go to thank him in person on the grounds of "cold weather", but just asked his son Zhang Ruocheng to go instead of him. Qianlong was furious, thinking that Zhang Tingyu was disrespectful, and vented all his long-standing dissatisfaction with Zhang Tingyu. Zhang Tingyu realized his mistake and hurried to the palace in person to plead guilty, but Zhang Tingyu's move did not make amends, but instead gave people a handle.
Qianlong counted Zhang Tingyu's crimes over the years and reprimanded him, it can be said that Zhang Tingyu is disgraced。Originally, the result of the court meeting was to cancel Zhang Tingyu's qualification to enjoy the Taimiao, remove him from the position of scholar, and cut off his title of earl; But Qianlong did not approve it all, but only cut off his title.
After experiencing twists and turns, Zhang Tingyu's affairs are not over, and Zhang Tingyu, who has lost his old face, could have set off to return to his hometown after spending a fearful winter; But I didn't expect to anger Qianlong again:
Qianlong's eldest son Yonghuang died of illness suddenly, and Zhang Tingyu was Yonghuang's teacher. Just after Yonghuang's first sacrifice, Zhang Tingyu couldn't wait to return to his hometownQianlong felt that Zhang Tingyu was too impersonal and became more and more disgusted
At the same time, the Mongolian forehead and the super brave prince Ce Ling died of illness, Ce Ling was a general who had experienced a hundred battles, and it was a matter of course to enjoy the temple after his death. In this way, Zhang Tingyu, as a Han Chinese, did not make too much merit, and allowed Zhang Tingyu to enjoy the Taimiao, Qianlong felt more and more reluctant.
So soon, he made a big fuss about Celing deserving of the Taimiao, and directly issued an edict in April of the 15th year of Qianlong, explaining the reason why Zhang Tingyu could not deserve to enjoy the Taimiao. In this way, Qianlong directly revised the edict of Emperor Yongzheng and exempted Zhang Tingyu from the honor of enjoying the Taimiao. Zhang Tingyu served the kings of the Three Dynasties and dedicated 50 years to the Qing Dynasty, and was cautious all his lifeAs a result, his reputation was discredited, and he returned to his hometown Tongcheng in disgrace.
Disaster is not a one-way street, Zhang Tingyu just returned to the township, and was implicated by his own in-law Zhu Quan; Qianlong was already angry with Zhang Tingyu, and happened to take advantage of Zhu Quan's case to reprimand Zhang Tingyu again. not only fined Zhang Tingyu 15,000 taels of silver, but also raided his residence in Beijing.
In the twentieth year of Qianlong, the trembling Zhang Tingyu finally died of illness, and Qianlong made a posture of a relenting old minister, allowing Zhang Tingyu to enjoy the Taimiao, nicknamed "Wenhe". Zhang Tingyu finally saved a trace of face after his death.
In addition to Li Wei, Ortai, and Zhang Tingyu, the endings of other Yongzheng Dynasty ministers:
Tian Wenjing. In the tenth year of Yongzheng, he died of illness, and in the fifth year of Qianlong, the governor of Henan, Qianlong withdrew Tian Wenjing from the Xianliang Temple, on the grounds that "the people of Henan hate Tian Wenjing very much", but Qianlong did not allow it.
Prince Zhuang Yunlu:It was Yongzheng's uncle who left for Qianlong, and Qianlong allowed Prince Lu to eat his double squad; However, because Yunlu participated in the Honghui rebellion case, he was removed from all official positions and stopped the prince's double salary; Although Qianlong was still a descendant of Yunlu after that, he no longer had the glory of the past.
Prince Guo Yunli: Like Yunlu, Yongzheng left Qianlong's uncle to take care of his life, and he is treated the same as Yunlu. It's just that Yunli is more cautious than Yunlu in words and deeds, so that he can die well. It's just that he died relatively early, and Qianlong died of illness in three years. The prince of cause and effect has no heirs, and Qianlong specially ordered the emperor's younger brother Hongyi to enter the line of the prince of the fruit.
Kissing: Niu Hulu is the nephew of Empress Xiaozhaoren, the second empress of Kangxi, and the son of Yin De, the sixth son of the auxiliary minister, if it is according to the generation, the relative should be Qianlong's cousin.
Neqin's uncle Alinga was liquidated after Yongzheng succeeded to the throne because he was attached to the eighth son of the emperor, and Alinga's lineage was almost wiped out. In order to appease other relatives, Yongzheng decided to support Yin De's lineage, and it was in this context that Yongzheng was reused.
After Qianlong succeeded to the throne, especially after Ortai died of illness, his relatives were reused and re-used by Qianlong, and he became the chief minister of military aircraft, and his status directly surpassed Zhang Tingyu. But in the fourteenth year of Qianlong, because of the defeat of JinchuanHe was executed by Qianlong's order
Of course, there are also old ministers who died well, such as Zhu Shi, the emperor of Emperor Qianlong, who died of illness in the first year of Qianlong and was called "the elder of the emperor" by Qianlong.