In the Kangxi period, there was a **Aobai, and in the Yongzheng period, there was a ** Qianyao, although the two died in different ways, but the reason was roughly the same, that is, because they did not know how to advance and retreat, they were arrogant, authoritarian, ignoring the existence and authority of the emperor, and using the power given by the emperor without authorization. Such behavior caused a huge crisis of confidence and survival for the emperor. The result can only be one: to be defeated by the emperor!
Perhaps they were loyal to the court and never intended to usurp the throne or overthrow the emperor, but that was not enough to stop the emperor from eradicating them. This is the eternal pain of the feudal emperor!
The answer to the question of whether Nian Qianyao confessed his mistake to Emperor Yongzheng before his death can be found in his last letter to the emperor. Xu Ke at the end of the Qing Dynasty and the beginning of the Republic of China recorded a passage from Nian Qianyao in "Qing Barnyard Banknotes": "The merits of the ministers are the most outstanding, and the crimes are the most serious. Since the day of the ascension of the previous emperor, the ministers have been specially trusted by the emperor ......Regardless of personal reputation, he tries his best to participate in the ...... of *** affairsHowever, now the birds are all hidden, and the rabbits and dead dogs are ......”
It can be seen from this text that Nian Qianyao expressed extreme unwillingness and helplessness to Emperor Yongzheng before his death, but did not obviously admit his mistake to the emperor.
What great contribution did Nian Qianyao make to the Qing Dynasty that he was qualified to be reckless? To understand this, it is necessary to first briefly introduce Nian Qianyao's background and the extraordinary things he did for the Qing Dynasty.
Nian Qianyao's father, Nian Yaoling, was the governor of Huguang, and he can be said to have been born in a family of Wang.
Nian Qianyao embarked on the road to officialdom through the imperial examination. Since the thirty-ninth year of Kangxi (1700 AD), after winning the Jinshi, Nian Qianyao was appreciated by the Kangxi Emperor, and his political career was smooth sailing. In the forty-eighth year of Kangxi (1709 AD), Nian Qianyao was promoted to the governor of Sichuan and became a local important **, and he was only 30 years old at this time! In 1718, Nian Qianyao was appointed as the governor of Sichuan, and concurrently held the post of governor, which showed that the Kangxi Emperor had great trust and importance to his talents.
During the Kangxi period, one of Nian Qianyao's greatest achievements was the suppression of rebellions twice.
First of all, in 1717 (the 56th year of the Kangxi reign), he put down the rebellion of the Great Khan of the Dzungar tribe to plot Alabutan to capture Lhasa. Arabutan was originally the nephew of Kaldan, who had teamed up with Kangxi to defeat Kaldan during the Kaldan's rebellion. However, since becoming the Great Khan of Dzungaria, his contradictions with the Qing Dynasty have intensified, almost to the point of irreconcilability.
In 1717, Tselu Alabutan assigned the Taiji Grand Tseling Dun Dobu to lead an army to occupy **, which seriously violated the Qing Dynasty's rule in the area.
In 1718, the Qing Dynasty failed to send troops to quell the rebellion for the first time, and then in 1720, Wang Yinyu, the general of the 14th elder brother, was appointed as the general of Fuyuan, and once again led the army to march from Sichuan, Yunnan and Qinghai to quell the rebellion. The Qing army routed the rebels, leaving only more than 400 out of more than 6,000 people, achieving a great victory.
In this operation, Nian Qianyao, the governor of Sichuan, as the general of Dingxi, was responsible for the logistics support of the counterinsurgency army, showing outstanding ability and making great contributions to the counterinsurgency.
The second was to quell the rebellion in the Guoluoke area of Qinghai.
* After the victory of the counterinsurgency, the Kangxi Emperor admired Nian Qianyao even more and soon appointed him as the governor of Sichuan and Shaanxi.
In September 1722, a rebellion broke out in Guoluoke, Qinghai, and Nian Qianyao was ordered to put down the rebellion. While fighting head-on, Nian Qianyao skillfully used strategy and quickly put down the rebellion. In November of the same year, Emperor Kangxi died, and the fourteenth elder brother of General Fuyuan was recalled to the capital, and Nian Qianyao was in charge of the affairs of General Fuyuan with others.
During this period, Nian Qianyao had a high status and was trusted by the Kangxi Emperor, and he himself tried his best to serve Kangxi.
Kangxi died, Yongzheng ascended the throne, what did Nian Qianyao do for Yongzheng?
At the end of 1722, the Kangxi Emperor died, and then experienced a fierce competition of "nine sons to seize the heir", and finally Yinzhen successfully ascended the throne and became the Yongzheng Emperor. In the process of competing for the throne, he had a close connection with Nian Qianyao and Long Keduo. However, the "intimate" relationship between Nian Qianyao and Yongzheng was limited to Nian Qianyao's sister becoming Yongzheng's side Fujin, and there was no intimate relationship between Nian Qianyao himself and Yongzheng.
After Yongzheng ascended the throne as emperor, he did not have much contact with Nian Qianyao.
At the beginning of Yongzheng's ascension to the throne, his dominance was not solid, the Eight Masters were still fighting, and Yongzheng was in urgent need of political resources to consolidate his throne, but he needed to wait for the right time.
In 1723, the first year of Yongzheng, the Qinghai Luobzang Danjin Rebellion occurred, giving the Yongzheng Emperor the opportunity to consolidate his dominance.
As the leader of Qinghai and **, Lobzang Tenzin believed that the Qing court had failed to satisfy his ambition to dominate this region, and launched a rebellion against the Qinghai and Shuote Mongol tribes in June of the first year of Yongzheng.
Yongzheng's ascension to the throne has not yet been stabilized, and there is a rebellion, which cannot be taken lightly, and the rebellion must be quickly quelled in order to maintain the emperor's position!
When Emperor Yongzheng faced the rebellion, he decided to appoint Nian Qianyao, the governor of Sichuan and Shaanxi, to quell the rebellion. Nian Qianyao was the governor of Sichuan and Shaanxi, and his jurisdiction was not far from the rebellion, so it was only right to send him to quell the rebellion.
This time it was also Emperor Yongzheng who gave Nian Qianyao a chance to test his loyalty to the new emperor. If you perform well, you will inevitably be reused, but if you don't perform well, the consequences are another matter.
This was also an opportunity for the Yongzheng Emperor, an opportunity to consolidate the throne, but only if Nian had to perform well and defeat the Mongol rebels.
So, how did Nian Qianyao perform? Nian Qianyao did perform well, because Kangxi has become history, and the future will be the era of Yongzheng, and he must perform well to gain a foothold in this new era.
What is the situation of the Qinghai rebellion now?
At this moment, the rebels of Lobzang Tenzin had captured several forces that were unwilling to join the rebellion, and detained Chang Shou, the head of the Qing ** military department stationed in Xining. Instigated and instigated by Lobzang Tenzin, many lamas and believers who do not know the truth have also been provoked to confront **, and Qinghai has fallen into chaos. In order to quell the rebellion and restore law and order, Nian Qianyao faced enormous challenges and pressures.
However, that doesn't stop the experienced Nian Qianyao.
In October 1723, Emperor Yongzheng named Nian Qianyao as the prime minister of the military affairs of General Fuyuan, responsible for the crusade against the rebels. With the assistance of Yue Zhongqi, the governor of Sichuan, Nian Qianyao formulated a thorough and correct battle plan.
The Qing army first blocked the rebels' access to the interior, and then cut off the rebels' routes into Tibet and the rebels' contact with Dzungaria, leaving the rebels with nowhere to flee.
After completing these tasks, the Qing army began a clean-up operation, gradually seizing several important rebel strongholds, effectively weakening the rebels' combat strength.
In 1724, in early February of the second year of Yongzheng, Nian Qianyao launched a decisive battle to close the net. The Qing army split into three lines and launched a full-scale attack on the main rebel force of Lobzang Tenzin. In this battle, more than 80,000 rebels were beheaded, and tens of thousands of rebels surrendered.
In addition to the rebel leaders Albutan Wenbu and Tibetan Bazabu were captured by the Qing army, even the mother and sister of Lobzang Tenzin were also captured. Only Lobzang Tenzin himself disguised himself as a woman survived and fled to Dzungaria.
The great victory of Qinghai's counterinsurgency not only brought Qinghai completely under the jurisdiction of ***, but also consolidated the position of Emperor Yongzheng. Nian Qianyao performed well in this victory, handed in a satisfactory answer to the Yongzheng Emperor, and has since become an important figure in his trust.
Taking advantage of the victory of the counterinsurgency, Emperor Yongzheng also took advantage of the situation to rectify the Eight Masters who had always been dissatisfied with him, and since then he has stabilized his throne.
In the process of quelling the rebellion, Nian Qianyao seemed to be doing his best for Emperor Yongzheng, but in fact he was also planning for himself. However, there is a little secret hidden in this, which is related to a letter from Yongzheng when he was not yet enthroned as emperor.
This letter is not an ordinary letter to woo military and political officials, but a letter of accountability full of gunpowder.
This letter is the 58th year of Kangxi, Yinzhen wrote to Nian Qianyao "Prince Heshuoyong Instructions to Nian Qianyao". At that time, Yongzheng had not yet become the emperor, but was still Prince Heshuoyong.
In the letter, Yongzheng reprimanded Nian Qianyao for not understanding the etiquette of master and servant, ignoring the feelings of his father and brother, and disrespecting him as a prince. In fact, he was also dissatisfied with Nian Qianyao's two-sided bet on who would be able to take over Kangxi's position.
At the end of the letter, he bluntly threatened Nian to send his son to Nian Yaoling in Kyoto, which was actually equivalent to asking him to act as a hostage. After Nian Qianyao received the letter, he had no way of knowing his inner thoughts, but he did not hesitate to send his son to Nian Yaoling's side to show his honest obedience.
Yongzheng has more than one letter of praise for Nian Qianyao, and it is also extremely affectionate, which makes it difficult for ordinary people to adapt.
After Nian Qianyao pacified the Qinghai Rebellion, Yongzheng once wrote a particularly intimate imperial approval to Nian Qianyao, which simply made people feel numb:
I really don't know how to show my respect for you, and my gratitude is indescribable before I can express my ...... to the gods of heaven and earthIt made me realize that our relationship between kings and ministers didn't just exist by chance, and I really feel very lucky. ”
What's even more surprising is that Yongzheng even regards Nian Qianyao and others as "benefactors"! "From the lower to the generals, all those who are sincerely committed and loyal to their duties are my benefactors. This is Emperor Yongzheng's praise for Nian Qianyao, a "great benefactor".
Although Yongzheng killed Nian Qianyao, in fact, Nian Qianyao himself also had a great responsibility, because his actions gave Yongzheng enough reasons to do so. Of course, there are also some factors in this.
Like most favored courtiers, Nian Qianyao was already prominent during the Kangxi Dynasty, and after Yongzheng ascended the throne, he took advantage of his kinship with Yongzheng and his position in the court to begin to become arrogant. He is not only arrogant, but extremely arrogant, and even Emperor Yongzheng does not pay attention to him.
During his recall to the capital, Nian Qianyao abused Emperor Yongzheng's trust in him and did many despicable things. The emperor regarded him as a "benefactor", and he had to show the appearance of a "benefactor".
When Nian Qianyao met with the princes and ministers, he forced them to kneel, and such a courtesy should be enjoyed only by the emperor;
His arrogance and self-righteousness are already trivial matters, and he even brought this attitude to the occasion of treating Emperor Yongzheng! Generally speaking, ministers would sit upright when they saw the emperor, and although they did not stand, they at least maintained respectful etiquette. However, Nian Qianyao was not, he was sitting and talking to Emperor Yongzheng face to face, and he was cross-legged! It is as if there is no emperor in his eyes at all, and he actually regards himself as the emperor's "benefactor". This behavior made Emperor Yongzheng very displeased.
Not only that, Nian Qianyao also used Yongzheng's trust to win over people's hearts and form a party for personal gain. He abused his power, made official wishes everywhere, and even held the emperor's power firmly in his own hands, turning the emperor's selection and employment rights into his own private affairs, so much so that the officials and the military department gave priority to the people recommended by Nian Qianyao, calling it "annual selection".
In his mansion, Nian Qianyao actually used some symbols that only the emperor could use, such as giving things to be called "giving", meals being called "eating" and so on. What's even more excessive is that he actually regarded the palace guards sent by Emperor Yongzheng to secretly supervise as subordinates.
However, sweet days are always short-lived, and life's highs often mean that lows are coming. Emperor Yongzheng had already seen through what Nian Qianyao had done and had warned him, but Nian Qianyao had chosen to ignore it wisely.
In Nian Qianyao's recital, Emperor Yongzheng once reminded him like this: As a courtier, it is easy for people to make achievements, but it is difficult to achieve success; It's easy to succeed, but it's even harder to keep it going; It's easy to keep it successful, but the ultimate achievement is incredibly hard! It is easy to be gracious in the way of kings, but it is difficult to get loyalty in return; It's easy to get loyalty in return, but it's even harder to stay loyal; It's easy to stay loyal, but it's hard to stay loyal at all! If you make mistakes by relying on the merits of the past, it will inevitably lead to loyalty turning into hatred, which is a common reason in the human world.
Emperor Yongzheng's warning can actually be summed up in one sentence: you can do it yourself! However, Nian Qianyao paid no attention to these warnings, he was overconfident, thinking that the emperor could not do without him, so there would be no consequences for him.
However, his self-confidence was wrong, and it was extremely wrong. Although Emperor Yongzheng endured it for a long time, he was unable to tolerate Nian Qianyao's willfulness in the end. So, the end of Nian Qianyao is a foot of white silk.
Before facing death, did Nian Qianyao admit his mistake and intercede with Emperor Yongzheng?
Yongzheng wants to kill Nian Qianyao, and he also needs an excuse. Soon, this excuse finally appeared, and it was sent to the door by Nian Qianyao himself.
In March 1725, there was an astronomical spectacle of "the sun and the moon conjugating and the five stars conjugating". Although it seems that such a phenomenon is quite common now, after all, the movement of celestial bodies is part of the laws of nature, and it can happen once in a while, and there is nothing special about it. However, in ancient times, this phenomenon was regarded as a sign of "auspiciousness", so people began to praise the wisdom and martial arts of Emperor Yongzheng, and various praises followed.
Not to be outdone, Nian Qianyao sent a congratulatory table to Emperor Yongzheng, originally to alleviate his bad impression of being arrogant and domineering in the emperor's mind. However, Nian Qianyao miswrote "Chao Qian Xi Ti" as "Xi Ti Chao Qian" in the congratulatory table, whether intentionally or unintentionally, Yongzheng thought that Nian Qianyao was cursing his future.
Such a thing is really intolerable, Nian Qianyao must be punished, and Emperor Yongzheng has endured it for a long time!
As a result, the ministers saw that the emperor had a bad attitude towards Nian Qianyao, and they began to expose Nian Qianyao's various crimes, which made Emperor Yongzheng feel a little dizzy. In the end, Emperor Yongzheng determined 92 seemingly credible charges, which were enough to make Nian Qianyao recover.
But in view of Nian Qianyao's contributions to the country, Emperor Yongzheng just let him cut himself off and leave him a complete corpse.
Nian Qianyao found that Emperor Yongzheng was determined to kill him, and he desperately wanted to live, even if the previous majesty and glory were no longer important, as long as he could save his life.
So, he wrote the last letter to Emperor Yongzheng, expressing his heart: "Although I have merit, I also have a ...... of guilt."However, I wasn't wrong! ”
However, these words are no longer useful. Emperor Yongzheng has already made an unshakable decision to Nian Qianyao. A month after Nian Qianyao's sister Nian Guifei died of illness, Nian Qianyao finally chose to end his life in desolation.
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