With the development of China's economy and the advancement of urbanization, the shortage of water resources, the aggravation of water pollution is becoming more and more severe, the requirements of sewage treatment and reuse are becoming more and more urgent, and the traditional centralized sewage treatment has seriously restricted the sewage treatment rate and COD emission reduction due to the existence of outstanding problems such as difficult sewage collection, high investment in pipe network, large floor area, and long construction period. Traditional decentralized wastewater treatment technologies include wetlands, aerobic processes (MBR, BCR, etc.) and anaerobic processes (UASB, etc.). The following table compares and analyzes the advantages and disadvantages of the above-mentioned decentralized processes from the technical, economic, environmental, and social perspectives. It can be widely used in rural areas and other places where pollution sources are widely distributed and scattered, and the amount of sewage is small and difficult to collect in a centralized manner.
The technical improvement of decentralized sewage treatment equipment is the key to improving the treatment efficiency of rural domestic sewage treatment equipment. Traditional sewage treatment processes such as physical treatment, chemical treatment, and biological treatment have been applied to a certain extent, but there are still problems such as high energy consumption, large floor space, and high operating costs. Therefore, more efficient and energy-efficient technologies need to be introduced to improve equipment. For example, membrane separation technologies such as microfiltration, ultrafiltration, and reverse osmosis can be used to improve the solid-liquid separation effect and water purification efficiency. At the same time, the use of electrolysis technology and photocatalytic technology can also effectively remove organic matter and micropollutants.
Secondly, equipment innovation is an important driving force for the development of rural domestic sewage treatment. Traditional sewage treatment plants are often bulky and complex to install, which is not suitable for the actual situation in rural areas. Therefore, there is a need to develop compact, modular and mobile equipment that can adapt to the characteristics of the rural environment. For example, miniaturized bioreactors and sedimentation tanks can be designed to make the equipment easy to install and maintain. In addition, we can also explore the use of renewable energy such as solar energy and wind energy to provide continuous energy support for rural domestic sewage treatment equipment.
In addition, the intelligence and automation of decentralized sewage treatment equipment is an important improvement direction. Traditional equipment usually requires manual operation and monitoring, which has problems such as large workload and unstable operation. Through the introduction of advanced control systems and sensor technology, intelligent management and automatic operation of equipment can be realized. For example, remote monitoring systems can be used to monitor equipment status and water quality metrics in real time, as well as to make remote adjustments and troubleshooting. At the same time, combined with artificial intelligence and big data analysis, the rural domestic sewage treatment process can be optimized and improved, the treatment efficiency can be improved, and the operating cost can be reduced.
Finally, policy support and financial investment are also key drivers of improvement and innovation. ** Publicity and education on rural ecological and environmental protection should be strengthened, and farmers' awareness of domestic sewage treatment should be improved. At the same time, relevant policies and regulations should be introduced to encourage and guide enterprises and scientific research institutions to increase their research, development and promotion efforts. In addition, it is necessary to increase capital investment, support the construction of rural sewage treatment projects, and solve the shortage of funds and technical problems.
Features of decentralized sewage treatment equipment:
1.Using CSBR and SBR processes, coupled with high-efficiency bacteria and high-concentration activated sludge, the system biomass is three times higher than that of the traditional activated sludge method. The pollutant removal rate is high, the denitrification effect is good, and the effluent* can reach the A-level standard.
2.With the sludge treatment process, the system only needs to be discharged once a year.
3.It is easy to install, only need to pass the lifting pump into the regulating tank, the circulating pump into the sedimentation tank, the outlet pipe into the drainage channel, connect the power supply, add activated sludge and high-efficiency bacteria, and it can be put into operation. It can be run within two weeks after commissioning. It can meet the standard, and the biochemical reaction system is maintenance-free for life.
4.It adopts fully automatic remote control mode, which is simple to operate, does not require professional management, and realizes real unattended operation.
The evaluation of the treatment effect of rural decentralized sewage treatment equipment mainly includes the following aspects:
1.Water quality indicators: evaluate whether the water quality after treatment meets the national and local discharge standards, including suspended solids, chemical oxygen demand (COD), ammonia nitrogen, total phosphorus and other indicators. These indicators can reflect the level of pollution of water bodies and their impact on the environment.
2.Pathogen Removal Rate: Evaluate the effectiveness of the device in removing pathogens, especially pathogenic microorganisms such as enteroviruses, bacteria, and parasites. These pathogens are one of the main contributors to waterborne diseases, so it is crucial to eliminate them.
3.Removal rate of drug residues: evaluate the removal effect of the equipment on drug residues, especially the removal rate of antibiotics, hormones and other drugs. These drug residues can have toxic effects on aquatic organisms and can be passed on to humans through the food chain.
4.Heavy metal removal rate: Evaluate the removal effect of the equipment on heavy metals, such as lead, mercury, cadmium, etc. These heavy metals are potentially harmful to the environment and human health, so the removal effect of equipment is also an important evaluation index.
5.Operational stability and reliability: Evaluate the stability and reliability of equipment operation, including equipment failure rate, maintenance frequency, service life, etc. These indicators can reflect the reliability and operating cost of the equipment, and are of great significance to the long-term use and maintenance of the equipment.
6.Economic benefits: Evaluate the economic benefits of the equipment, including equipment investment costs, operating costs, maintenance costs, etc. These indicators reflect the economic viability and sustainability of the equipment, which is particularly important in rural areas.
To sum up, the evaluation of the treatment effect of rural decentralized sewage treatment equipment needs to comprehensively consider multiple indicators, including water quality indicators, pathogen removal rate, drug residue removal rate, heavy metal removal rate, stable and reliable operation, economic benefits and user satisfaction. After comprehensive evaluation, the performance and effect of the equipment can be fully understood, and a scientific basis can be provided for rural sewage treatment.