**:2023-02-25 Outlook Issue 9/2023.
Ensuring a stable and safe supply of grain and important agricultural products has always been the top priority in building a strong agricultural country.
Industry is the foundation of development, and it is also the main way and long-term strategy to consolidate the achievements of poverty alleviation.
To speed up the building of a strong agricultural country, we must do everything possible to broaden the channels for peasants to increase their incomes and get rich.
Text |Reporter of Newsweek Outlook.
Li Song, Jia Wenjing, Qian Peishan.
An agricultural mechanic from the Agricultural Professional Cooperative of Wendeng Golden Farmers' Association in Weihai, Shandong Province is fertilizing a wheat field (photo taken on February 15, 2023) Photo by Zhu Zheng This magazine.
A strong country must first strengthen agriculture, and only when agriculture is strong can the country be strong.
The report of the 20th National Congress of the Communist Party of China emphasized that it is necessary to accelerate the construction of an agricultural power and solidly promote the revitalization of rural industries, talents, culture, ecology and organizations. On February 13, the Communist Party of China issued the "Opinions on Comprehensively Promoting the Key Work of Rural Revitalization in 2023". This is the first document issued after the victory of the 20th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, which sends a strong signal of heavy agriculture and strong agriculture.
From the granary of Northeast China to the land of Lingnan, from the land of fish and rice to the south of the Yangtze River, all localities have clarified the main direction and strategic focus, continuously strengthened the supply of policies and factors, focused on promoting scientific and technological and institutional innovation, and worked hard to promote a good start for an agricultural power.
Danzhou City, Hainan Province, takes shared farms as the starting point to continuously promote rural revitalization. The picture shows tourists playing at the Jiahe Shared Farm in Danzhou City, Hainan Province (taken on February 18, 2023) by Pu Xiaoxu This magazine.
Consolidate the foundation of food security in all aspects.
In 2022, the report of the 20th National Congress of the Communist Party of China clearly proposed to "accelerate the construction of an agricultural power", and the subsequent ** rural work conference further pointed out that ensuring the stable and safe supply of grain and important agricultural products has always been the top priority in building an agricultural power.
In 2022, China's grain output hit a record high, with a grain sowing area of 177.5 billion mu, an increase of 10.52 million mu over the previous year, an output of 1,373.1 billion catties, an increase of 7.4 billion catties, and remained at 1 for 8 consecutive yearsMore than 3 trillion catties have provided important support for stabilizing expectations, prices and confidence.
In 2023, the first document will continue to put the stable production and supply of grain and important agricultural products in the first place. The document points out that it is necessary to ensure that the national grain production is maintained at 1More than 3 trillion catties, all provinces (autonomous regions, municipalities directly under the central government) should stabilize the area, focus on yield, and strive to increase production, and put forward to implement a new round of 100 billion catties of grain production capacity improvement action.
At present, all parts of the country are taking multiple measures to consolidate the foundation of food security in an all-round way and lay the foundation for a bumper grain harvest throughout the year.
On the one hand, it is necessary to strengthen the material basis for storing grain on the ground and in technology. In terms of cultivated land, in 2023, Heilongjiang Province will implement the pilot of cultivated land rotation, promote the "Longjiang Model" and "Sanjiang Model" of black soil protection, build 8.4 million mu of high-standard farmland, and protect and make good use of the black soil, the "giant panda in cultivated land"; Anhui will carry out the reform of intensive agricultural cultivation and the transformation of 5.13 million mu ...... of "small fields into large fields".In terms of technology, all parts of the country actively promote the key core technology research of agriculture, and deeply implement the relevant actions for the revitalization of the seed industry. For example, Hunan Province proposes to give full play to the role of leading enterprises in the seed industry such as Longping Hi-Tech and increase the joint research of major improved varieties; Henan Province proposes to integrate the strength of agricultural science and technology, support the Shennong Seed Industry Laboratory to strive for a national laboratory base, carry out collaborative research on 15 core technologies such as core seed sources, and establish Henan Seed Industry Group.
On the other hand, improve the operation mode of production mechanization and service socialization. In 2023, Anhui Province will build and renovate farmland machine wells150,000 eyes, accelerate the research and development of agricultural machinery to make up for shortcomings; Henan Province will further promote the construction of the National Agricultural Machinery and Equipment Innovation Center, promote the comprehensive development of agricultural mechanization, and also set the specific goal of developing 200,000 farmer cooperatives, 270,000 family farms, and 130,000 socialized service organizations; Shanxi Province will also speed up the improvement of the agricultural socialized service system focusing on agricultural production trusteeship, and promote various elements and services to go to the countryside to support agriculture.
Mechanized production greatly saves manpower and improves efficiency. In the warehouse of the provincial-level Qingquan family farm in Yifeng County, Jiangxi Province, Liu Qingquan, a large grain grower, is busy overhauling agricultural machinery. "With this rice transplanter purchased last year, it saves a lot of labor, and one machine can top more than a dozen people. Liu Qingquan said that in 2023 he also plans to order another rice dryer.
After the beginning of spring, the earth warmed up, and all parts of the country focused on playing a good first move in accordance with the corresponding deployment, and the spring plowing preparation work was being carried out one after another. At present, the high-standard farmland in Luyi Town, Boxing County, Shandong Province is a busy scene, and as far as the eye can see, the maintenance of irrigation ditches, water and soil sampling and testing are being carried out in an orderly manner; Jilin Province's fertilizer, seeds and other agricultural material production enterprises are working overtime to catch up with orders to prepare for farmers' spring ploughing; In Henan Province, as wheat is about to return to green, villagers are carrying out field management operations ...... wheat
Recently, Tang Renjian, director of the Office of the Leading Group for Rural Work and Minister of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, said that the overall situation of grain production and spring plowing preparation is good, and it is necessary to keep an eye on spring management and spring ploughing, seize the critical period of wheat and rape seedling transformation, strengthen fine guidance by zoning and classification, take effective measures to pursue advantages and avoid disadvantages, promote strengths and avoid weaknesses, and make every effort to seize the summer grain and oil harvest.
Develop industries to consolidate and expand the achievements of poverty alleviation.
Plant protection drones equipped with Beidou navigation system shuttle in the fertile field, "native products" sell well all over the country through online e-commerce and rural roads, and the homestay courtyard between green waters and green mountains "circle fans" visitors from all over the country ......
This is a busy scene in China's countryside today, and it is also a vivid portrayal of the endogenous development momentum of poverty alleviation areas and poverty alleviation people, and the promotion of high-quality development and improvement of people's lives in poverty alleviation areas.
The report of the 20th National Congress of the Communist Party of China pointed out that it is necessary to consolidate and expand the achievements of poverty alleviation, and enhance the endogenous development momentum of poverty alleviation areas and people. The ** Rural Work Conference held in December 2022 once again deployed to consolidate and expand the achievements of poverty alleviation.
Industry is the foundation of development, and it is also the main way and long-term strategy to consolidate the achievements of poverty alleviation. Industrial revitalization should rely on agricultural and rural characteristic resources, develop multiple functions of agriculture, tap the multiple values of rural areas, and benefit from the integrated development of primary, secondary and tertiary industries, promote the upgrading of the whole chain of rural industries, and enhance market competitiveness and sustainable development capabilities.
From the first to the local level, many places continue to implement the promotion of characteristic industries in poverty alleviation areas.
In 2022, more than 55% of the subsidy funds for promoting rural revitalization will be used to support the development of supporting industries, and the insurance coverage rate of leading industries will reach 70%. Improve and improve the mechanism of linking agriculture with agriculture for assistance projects, select and assign industrial advisory groups, develop high-quality courtyard economy, implement consumption assistance actions, and achieve both volume and price increase of agricultural products in some poverty alleviation areas.
In 2023, the first document proposes that the proportion of subsidy funds for rural revitalization in the financial convergence to promote rural revitalization for industrial development will strive to increase to more than 60%, and focus on supporting to make up for shortcomings in technology, facilities, and marketing.
Recently, Jin Fenghua, a poverty alleviation household in Tangyin County, Anyang City, Henan Province, was busy watering and caring for the wormwood field. "Working here earns nearly 10,000 yuan a year. ”
Taking the path of intensive processing, wormwood has been transformed into dozens of products, and its value has increased several times. The person in charge of Anyang Jiutou Xian Aiye said that the company has driven more than 500 local villagers in Tangyin to achieve doorstep employment and helped more than 3,000 households out of poverty to get rich and increase income.
In recent years, Tangyin County has made great efforts to do a good job in "native products", and the county's wormwood planting area is 150,000 acres, forming a mature industrial chain integrating mugwort planting, processing, sales, moxibustion training, and moxa product development, paving a sustainable development path for rural revitalization.
Supporting poverty alleviation areas to build regional public brands, is a clear requirement for many years, with Luochuan apples, Gannan navel oranges, Dingxi potatoes, Cangxi kiwifruit and other representative brands continue to grow and develop, so that farmers can share value-added benefits.
Document No. 1 of 2023 requires that the responsibilities of consolidating and expanding the achievements of poverty alleviation at all levels should be tightened and compacted to ensure that there is no slackening or deviation. Strengthen dynamic monitoring to prevent the return to poverty. For monitoring households with the ability and willingness to work, implement development-type assistance measures. Resolutely adhere to the bottom line of not returning to poverty on a large scale.
Tang Renjian said that the next step will be to increase the income of the people out of poverty as a fundamental measure, to promote the accelerated development of poverty alleviation counties as the main direction, pay more attention to the support of morale and intelligence, focus on industrial employment, and strive to use development methods to continuously narrow the income gap and development gap, and enhance the endogenous development momentum of poverty alleviation areas and poverty alleviation people. Make good use of the first-class financial cohesion subsidy funds, introduce and cultivate a number of high-efficiency, sustainable, and popular industries that enrich the people as much as possible.
We will deepen labor cooperation between the east and the west, implement actions to prevent people from returning to poverty and employment, and ensure that the employment scale of the labor force lifted out of poverty will be stable at more than 30 million. We will continue to increase the policy tilt in key areas such as key counties for national rural revitalization and centralized resettlement sites for poverty alleviation and relocation, and organize developed counties in the eastern region to carry out joint revitalization actions with poverty-alleviated counties, so as to drive more poverty-stricken counties to undertake and develop labor-intensive industries. Tang Renjian said.
Broaden the channels for peasants to increase their incomes and get rich.
At the beginning of the new year, the recruitment tide is pouring into the Central Plains.
In Henan, which has more than 31 million migrant workers, there are two employment flows of more than 10 million migrant workers, one is more than 12 million people exported from outside the province, and the other is more than 19 million people who are employed in other places in the province.
Henan insists on putting the employment of migrant workers in a prominent position, in-depth implementation of the "three batches" and important projects to focus on tackling key problems, doing everything possible to increase jobs and stabilize employment, solidly promote the construction of the "Yu Zihao" labor service brand, hold up the basic plate of farmers' income increase, and provide labor support for economic recovery.
Like Henan, all localities have done everything possible to broaden the channels for peasants to increase their incomes and get rich. Sichuan signed the Inter-Provincial Labor Cooperation Framework Agreement with the human resources and social security departments of Zhejiang, Fujian, Gansu and Chongqing to promote the inter-provincial mobility of labor and strengthen employment assistance for key groups. Guizhou Province requires all localities to carry out in-depth actions to increase farmers' income, focus on 34 measures to promote agricultural income, and promote the quality and efficiency of characteristic and advantageous industries.
In 2022, the per capita disposable income of farmers will exceed 20,000 yuan for the first time, reaching 20,133 yuan, and the income ratio of urban and rural residents will increase from 2 in 201288 down to 2 in 202245. The income gap between urban and rural residents is gradually narrowing.
To speed up the building of a strong agricultural country, we must do everything possible to broaden the channels for peasants to increase their incomes and get rich.
Document No. 1 of 2023 puts the increase of farmers' income in an important position, proposes to broaden the channels for farmers to increase their income and get rich, and makes special arrangements.
Increasing peasants' incomes is a central task of the 'three rural' work. * Wu Hongyao, full-time deputy director of the Office of the Rural Work Leading Group and member of the Party Group of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, introduced at a press conference on February 14 that the focus should be on four aspects:
First, stable employment increases. In 2022, wage income accounted for 41 percent of farmers' income96%。We will strengthen the implementation of various policies to stabilize jobs and provide relief to stabilize the employment of migrant workers. The second is to improve business efficiency. The net income of household operations accounts for 34 percent of the income of peasants63%。We will carry out in-depth actions to promote new agricultural business entities to drive smallholder farmers to cooperate and increase their income. The third is to tap the potential of property income. The net income from property accounts for 2 percent of the income of peasants53%。We will deepen the reform of the rural land system and give farmers more adequate property rights. Fourth, the expansion of transfer income. Net transfer income accounts for 20 percent of farmers' income88%。We will continue to intensify the policy of strengthening agriculture and benefiting farmers and rich peasants, and steadily increase subsidies and subsidies to peasants.
The road for peasants in various localities to increase their incomes and get rich is getting wider and wider.
The spinach in Tongxu County, Kaifeng City, Henan Province has recently enjoyed a bumper harvest. At present, the county grows 630,000 acres of seasonal vegetables such as radish, cauliflower, Chinese cabbage, etc., and nearly 10,000 acres of greenhouse vegetables such as cucumbers, tomatoes, and celery, which increases farmers' income while ensuring the best vegetables in surrounding cities.
Solidly promote the construction of livable, workable and beautiful villages.
If China wants to be beautiful, the countryside must be beautiful.
Walking in the Lianhua Community of Hefeng Township, Fengjie County, Chongqing, the clean and tidy hardened road winds and extends, the small grass-yellow buildings on the roadside are arranged in an orderly manner, and the houses are surrounded by colorful flowers and plants, presenting a new and warm mountain village style.
From "living in the deep mountains and no one asks, and nine out of ten households are poor" to "all new roads are winding around the mountains, and the flowers are fragrant in front of the house and behind the house", the changes in the Lotus community are the epitome of livable, workable and beautiful rural construction.
Building livable, workable and beautiful villages is the proper meaning of an agricultural power. The report of the 20th National Congress of the Communist Party of China pointed out that the layout of rural infrastructure and public services should be coordinated to build livable, workable and beautiful villages. This is a major strategic deployment made in the new era and new journey to correctly handle the relationship between industry and agriculture in urban and rural areas, which fully reflects the vision and expectation of hundreds of millions of farmers to live a better life, and points out the way forward for comprehensively promoting rural revitalization and accelerating agricultural and rural modernization.
What is a livable, workable and beautiful countryside? How to build a livable, workable and beautiful countryside in 2023?
Nie Xinpeng, head of the Development Guidance Department of the National Rural Revitalization Administration, said that the livable, workable and beautiful countryside is a village with basically complete infrastructure, a village with universal access to public services, a village where the majority of farmers are rich and prosperous, a village where man and nature coexist in harmony, a village with orderly and vibrant governance, and a village where China's excellent traditional culture is prosperous and developing.
In 2023, the No. 1 document will further make specific arrangements for promoting the construction of livable, workable and beautiful villages from four aspects: strengthening village planning and construction, solidly promoting the improvement of rural living environment, continuing to strengthen rural infrastructure construction, and improving basic public service capabilities.
Tang Renjian said that the focus of promoting the construction of livable, workable and beautiful villages is to grasp both hardware and software, gradually make the rural areas basically equipped with modern living conditions, and strive to shape the rural spiritual outlook of kindness, harmony and tranquility.
In terms of hardware, all localities and departments have focused on the improvement of the rural living environment, the construction of rural infrastructure, and the improvement of basic public service capabilities, and have vigorously and orderly promoted rural construction, and focused on building a planning guidance mechanism, a style guidance mechanism, and a farmer participation mechanism.
Fujian Province has deployed a five-year action to deepen the improvement of the rural living environment, increase the renovation of village public space, and continue to carry out village cleaning actions; Hunan Province plans to implement the rural road unimpeded project, comprehensively carry out the demonstration and creation of "four good rural roads", coordinate the rural road construction projects to tilt more towards the village and households, and connect more village groups in the planning and design; Yunnan Province plans to further improve supporting facilities and public services, and promote the implementation of household registration management, protection of rights and interests and social integration of the relocated people.
In terms of software, all localities and departments have improved the grassroots governance platform supported by grid management, refined services, and informatization, integrated effective starting points system and list system, increased the supply of rural cultural products and services that are rich in agricultural interest and agricultural flavor, and reflect harmony and harmony, and continue to promote the change of customs in rural areas, and strive to become customs, so as to run the concept of "harmony" throughout rural construction.
Jilin Province summarizes and promotes the "moral bank" and "love supermarket" and other points system and list system models, improves and perfects rural governance, and carries out in-depth activities to create rural spiritual civilization; Hunan Province has accelerated the construction of a rural public cultural service system, strengthened the protection and inheritance of characteristic ethnic cultures, and carried out the selection and publicity of "moral models", "civilized farmers", "good daughters-in-law" and "good in-laws" on a regular basis.
To build livable, workable and beautiful villages is to enable farmers to live a modern life on the spot. Gao Qiang, director of the Rural Policy Research Center of Nanjing Forestry University, said that efforts should be made to continuously improve the basic living facilities in rural areas, fair and accessible basic public services, and the rural environment is ecologically livable, and the rural landscape has its own characteristics.