Potato high-yield planting technology and management practice
Potatoes are a major crop, and increasing potato production is key to ensuring national food security. However, under the conventional cultivation mode, potato production is restricted by many factors, and it is difficult to achieve high and stable yield. In view of the main problems existing in potato production, the high-yield cultivation and cultivation measures of potatoes are carried out, hoping to help the majority of farmers. 1. Potatoes are underground stem plants and have a high demand for soil quality. When choosing land, it is necessary to choose sandy and fertile soil with flat terrain, deep soil layer, good ventilation, and convenient drainage and irrigation. In order to reduce the occurrence of diseases, continuous cropping areas should be avoided as much as possible.
When preparing the soil, turn it over well, plow it to a depth of more than 25 cm. After ploughing, the land is leveled, leveled, and then cultivated into a field to facilitate drainage. In order to increase the yield of potatoes, some lime can be added appropriately to adjust the soil pH. 2. Selecting excellent varieties is an important way to obtain high yield of potatoes. When selecting varieties, it is necessary to analyze them in combination with local climatic conditions, soil conditions and market needs. The key to solving this problem is to select new varieties with wide adaptability, strong stress resistance, high yield and high quality. In addition, choose detoxified potatoes with early maturity, high yield, and high rate of large and medium potatoes, such as early spring stubble, early spring red jade, special red jade, etc. 3. Sowing seedsIn potato production, sowing is a very critical step. When planting, it is necessary to combine the local meteorological conditions and variety characteristics to choose the appropriate sowing date. Generally speaking, the temperature is around 5 for planting. Before planting, the potato seeds are cut and germinated. When cutting vegetables, make sure that each slice has a bud, each piece weighs about 20 30 g. When germinating, it can be placed at 15-20 times to germinate, and when it grows to 1 cm, it can be sown.
The ridge height is 60 70 cm, the ridge height is 20 25 cm, and the row is planted with high ridges. The single-ridge planting mode is adopted, and the row spacing is appropriately adjusted according to the planting type and soil conditions, usually 20 30 cm. Mulching is carried out immediately after sowing, and the land is kept moist. Fourth, fertilizing potatoes has a great demand for nutrients, and in order to obtain high yields, there must be scientific fertilization methods. Fertilizer should be mainly organic fertilizer, supplemented by chemical fertilizer. It is necessary to combine the local soil conditions and variety characteristics, and reasonably arrange the amount of fertilizer, under normal circumstances, 2000 3000 kg of chemical fertilizer and 50 kg of compound fertilizer can be applied to one hectare. During the growth period, it can be applied 2 to 3 times as needed. 5. Water managementIn the potato production process, water management is a very critical step. In order to speed up the germination of seeds, it is necessary to guarantee that the seeds start from the seed to germination. Potatoes should be maintained with proper soil moisture during their growth and development for their growth. In order to prevent crop yields from decreasing, drainage should be done during the rainy season.
6. Pest controlIn potato production, the prevention and control of pests and diseases is a very critical part. In prevention and control, it is necessary to persist in giving priority to prevention and comprehensive prevention and control. Late blight and early blight are the most common diseases during the growth period of maize, which can be prevented with methyl frost manganese zinc, chlorothalonil and other agents.
The main pests are aphids and grubs, which can be prevented with imidacloprid and phosphine. Therefore, when using pesticides, pesticides should be used correctly to avoid pesticide harm and pesticide residues. 7. The final stage of the harvesting and storage potato production process is harvesting and storage. Don't water it again before harvesting and let the land dry out slowly. Harvesting should be protected from mechanical damage or exposure to the sun. A dry and ventilated place should be selected for storage.