Bronchial inflammation is a common respiratory disease that occurs mainly in the lining of the bronchi. It is usually caused by inhaling irritating gases or particulate matter such as tobacco smoke, air pollutants, chemical gases, etc. In addition, infectious pathogens are also one of the main causes of bronchial inflammation, such as bacteria, viruses and fungi.
The occurrence of bronchial inflammation can be divided into several stages. First, when the airways are irritated, the body creates an inflammatory response. This inflammatory response leads to congestion and edema of the bronchial mucosa, which in turn leads to increased mucus secretion. At this time, the patient may experience symptoms such as coughing, sputum production, and chest tightness.
Then, due to the continuous stimulation of inflammation, bronchial mucosal epithelial cells and immune cells in the submucosal layer will release a large number of inflammatory mediators, such as histamine, interleukin, tumor necrosis factor, etc. These inflammatory mediators cause inflammatory cell infiltration of local tissues and a persistent enhancement of the inflammatory response, resulting in swelling, thickening, and fibrosis of the bronchial wall.
During the further development of the inflammatory response, spasms appear in the smooth muscles of the bronchial wall, which leads to bronchial stenosis, increased resistance to the respiratory tract, and increased dyspnea. At the same time, due to the increased secretion of mucous membranes, the mucus in the bronchi also increases, further aggravating the obstruction of the airway.
Eventually, the long-term inflammatory response will lead to irreversible changes in the structure and function of the bronchial wall, and pathological changes such as fibrosis, hypertrophy and hyperplasia of the submucosal glands of the bronchial wall, thus making bronchial inflammation a chronic progressive disease.
In summary, the occurrence of bronchial inflammation is a complex process, which mainly includes multiple stages such as inflammatory response, cell damage, tissue repair and pathological changes. Therefore, the prevention and improvement of bronchial inflammation should be considered from multiple aspects such as reducing the exposure to irritating substances, strengthening personal hygiene and improving immunity, with a view to intervening and controlling the development of the disease as soon as possible. At the same time, it is also necessary to strengthen the in-depth research on the mechanism of bronchial inflammation in order to better guide clinical practice and drug development.