The Qin Dynasty, a glorious era in Chinese history, ended the division of princes for more than 500 years and achieved the feat of great unification. In just over a decade, the Qin Dynasty has created a series of great achievements, and at the same time, many remarkable events have occurred. This article will detail the events that happened in the Qin Dynasty from many aspects.
1.Shang martingale change.
The Shang Dynasty Reform was a political reform implemented by Shang Ying in the Qin state in 356 BC and 350 BC with the support of Qin Xiaogong, a total of two times.
The main contents include the abolition of the Shiqing Shilu system and the promulgation of the 20th rank system of rewards according to military merits; Abolish the sub-feudal system, universally implement the county system, compile household registration, and implement the Shiwu joint sitting law; Abolishing the well-field system and recognizing private ownership of land; Emphasizing agriculture and suppressing business, rewarding cultivation and weaving; Moved the capital to Xianyang and so on.
In the early Warring States period, the use of iron farming tools and the gradual spread of ox ploughing led to the collapse of the well field system, which was gradually replaced by private ownership of land. The vassal states set off a movement to reform the law, develop the feudal economy, and establish the rule of the landlord class. Qin's social and economic development lagged behind the six great powers of Qi, Chu, Yan, Zhao, Wei, and Han. In order to enhance the strength of the Qin State, be in a favorable position in the hegemony of the vassal states and not be annexed by other countries, Qin Xiaogong introduced talents and changed the law to become stronger.
The Shang Dynasty reformed the law to make the Qin state economically developed and militarily strong, and used the bureaucratic politics of Legalism to replace the aristocratic politics of the Spring and Autumn Period, laying the foundation for Qin Shi Huang to unify the whole of China.
2.Qin's War to Annihilate the Six Kingdoms.
The Battle of the Six Kingdoms of Qin, also known as the War of the Unification of the Qin State, refers to a war in which the Qin State, the most powerful of the seven vassal states at the end of the Warring States Period of China, eliminated the other six vassal states and completed the unification of China.
The war began with the attack on Zhao in 236 BC and ended with the destruction of Qi in 221 BC, a total of 15 years. Since the Shang Dynasty reformed the law, the Qin state has developed rapidly, the army is well-equipped, and the combat effectiveness has been continuously strong. By the time of the reign of the Qin Dynasty, the six kingdoms of Kwantung had declined one after another, and the conditions for unification were gradually ripe. As a result, Qin Wangzheng, with the assistance of Li Si, Wei Yi and others, formulated a strategy of "destroying the princes, becoming an emperor, and unifying the world", specifically, to encircle Yan Qi, stabilize Wei Chu, and eliminate Han Zhao; Attack from afar, and finally break through one by one.
This war successively eliminated the six kingdoms of Han, Zhao, Wei, Chu, Yan and Qi, ended the situation of more than 500 years of division and dispute between the princes of China since the Spring and Autumn Period, and established the first monarchical centralized state in Chinese history, which is of epoch-making significance.
3.Book burning pit Confucianism.
Burning books and pit Confucianism, also known as "burning poetry and books, pit warlocks (a warlock, that is, Confucianism), is a collective name for Qin Shi Huang's burning of "poems, books, hundred languages and non-Qin history books" in 213 BC, and the killing of "more than 460 people who violated the ban" in 212 BC.
In 213 B.C., out of the need to establish a political system, Qin Shi Huang adopted Li Si's suggestion and ordered the burning of historical books, books of the hundred schools of thought and other books in addition to medicine, divination, and agriculture. In 212 A.D., that is, the second year after the book burning, due to the secret slander of many Confucian scholars, Qin Shi Huang ordered that all the more than 460 Confucian scholars be killed and buried alive, known as "pit Confucianism" in history.
The essence of "burning books and pit Confucianism" is a movement of ideological unity. Although it succeeded in a short period of time, it also suppressed the minds of the people at the time and hastened the demise of the Qin regime.
4.Dune Change.
The Dune Change, also known as the Dune Scheme, refers to the historical event that after the death of Qin Shi Huang in the Dune Palace (now Guangzong County, Hebei Province), Zhao Gao and Li Si killed their son Fusu and supported the accession of Qin II to the throne.
In 210 BC, Qin Shi Huang died suddenly during a parade. In his edict, his eldest son Fusu presided over the funeral, intending to succeed him. However, Zhao Gao, who managed the edict, launched a conspiracy to threaten Prime Minister Li Si, and Jiao Zhao executed Fusu and Meng Tian. and concealed the news of Qin Shi Huang's death, and put salted fish on Qin Shi Huang's car to cover the stench of Qin Shi Huang's corpse. After returning to Xianyang, they proclaimed their son Hu Hai as emperor, and it was for Qin II.
The Dune Revolution led to the political chaos and rapid demise of the Qin Dynasty, which profoundly affected the direction of Chinese history.
5.Chen Sheng and Wu Guang revolted.
The Chen Sheng and Wu Guang Uprising, also known as the Daze Township Uprising, was an anti-Qin uprising launched by Chen Sheng and Wu Guang in 209 BC, and was part of the peasant war at the end of Qin.
After the death of Qin Shi Huang, Qin II continued to implement **, and the people were miserable. In 209 B.C., Qin sent the people to garrison Yuyang, and more than 900 soldiers such as Chen Sheng and Wu Guang were requisitioned and sent to Yuyang, but on the way they were blocked by heavy rain in Daze Township, and they could not reach their destination as scheduled, and they would be beheaded according to Qin's law. In desperation, Chen Sheng and Wu Guang led the soldiers to kill the officers who escorted the soldiers and launched a mutiny. They pretended to support Su and Xiang Yan, recruited soldiers, linked Ke Daze Township and Qi County, and established the Zhang Chu regime in Chen County (now Huaiyang, Henan), and all parts of the country responded. After gaining power, Chen Sheng was arrogant, and the Qin general Zhang Han led the Qin army to suppress it, and finally the uprising failed, which lasted only six months.
The Chen Sheng and Wu Guang uprisings were the first large-scale peasant uprising in Chinese history, which fundamentally shook the rule of the Qin Dynasty, created favorable conditions for Xiang Yu and Liu Bang to destroy the Qin, and occupied an important position in the history of China's peasant wars.
6.Battle of the Great Deer.
The Battle of Julu was a major decisive battle in Julu led by Xiang Yu in 207 BC with tens of thousands of Chu troops and the main force of 400,000 Qin troops led by Qin generals Zhang Han and Wang Lisuo, and it was also one of the famous battles in Chinese history in which fewer won more.
In 209 BC, Chen Sheng and Wu Guang started in Daze, and were suppressed by the Qin army led by Zhang Han, the Shaofu of the Qin State, and then Zhang Han successively swept away the anti-Qin army Zhou Zhang, Tian Dan, Wei Qi, Deng Shuo, Wu Feng, Cai Ci, Xiang Liang, etc., and the 200,000 kings in the north left the army to annihilate the Zhao State in the north and south, and the anti-Qin army was in danger.
At this time, Xiang Yu broke through the cauldron and took the lead in attacking the Qin army when the princes' armies were cowering, leading the princes' righteous army to finally annihilate the king's army, and forcing the other 200,000 Zhang Qin troops to surrender eight months later.
After this battle, Xiang Yu established his leading position in the rebel armies from all walks of life, and the main force of the Qin Dynasty was completely lost, and it existed in name only.
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