In ancient Chinese culture, filial piety has always been a noble virtue. However,XunziIn ".XunziJun Dao in the toConfuciusThe tone expresses a criticism of blind obedience and foolishness. He was opposed to obedienceFatherwithSovereignand advocates obedience to morality and justice.
First of all,ConfuciusWith his own attitude towards foolishness and filial piety, he compared Zigong's answer. When Lu Aigong askedConfuciusWith Zigong sonFatherObedience and courtier obedienceSovereignProblems at the timeConfuciusHe did not answer three times in a row, showing his disagreement with foolishness and loyalty. In contrast, Zigong replied that his son was obedientFatherThe command is filial piety, and the courtiers are obedientSovereignThe command is loyalty. However,Confuciusdid not agree with Zigong's point of view, but accused him of being an ignorant villain.
In order to explain their point of view,ConfuciusA number of historical examples were mentioned. He said that a country has 10,000 military vehicles, and as long as there are four ministers who dare to speak out, then the territory will not be ceded. The "courage to speak out" here refers to those who dare to disobey orders and speak the truth. In addition, whether it is a small country with a thousand military vehicles or a doctor's house with a hundred military vehicles, as long as there are ministers who admonish andFatherIf you have a son who is admonished, you will be able to avoid doing things that are impolite and immoral.
Therefore,ConfuciusThink of obedienceFatherwithSovereignIt is not really filial piety and loyalty. He advocated obedience to morality and justice, while not blindly obeying authority and power. This is related to:ConfucianismThe concept is in line with thatConfucianismIt does not advocate foolishness and filial piety, but regards the courage to speak out and pursue morality and justice as the highest virtue.
In addition to criticizing foolishness and loyalty,ConfuciusAlso in ".XunziThe Five Levels of Man are discussed in the "Way of the King". He divided people into philistine, scholarly, and scholarlyGentleman, sages andGreat SagePerson. A mediocre person is a person who has no goals and plans and is swayed by the outside world. Although scholars could not fully grasp the principles and methods of governing the country, they would follow them, distinguish between right and wrong, and be able to think before and after. GentlemanThey are loyal, moral, and intelligent, and they are admired for their calm words and actions. As for the virtuous, they act in accordance with propriety and morality, and do not harm their own nature or others. They are rich in the world, but they do not accumulate personal wealth, but give generously to the people, and have noble virtues. WhileGreat SageMan possesses the highest wisdom and virtue, adapts to change, and discerns the disposition of all things. Their deeds are as wide as heaven and earth, bright as the sun and the moon, and nourishing all things like storms. They are inimitable, like the Heavens, who govern all things.
Through the discourse of these five levels,ConfuciusIt expounds the different qualities and realms of human beings. He encouraged peopleStrive for excellence, so that they gradually elevate themselves from mediocrity to scholarsGentleman, sages and evenGreat SageThe realm of people. And this level of improvement is not only personal development, but also a contribution to society.
In summary,XunziIn ".XunziThe Jundao severely criticizes the notion of filial piety and loyalty, and emphasizes the importance of daring to speak up and pursue morality and justice. He encouraged people through his exposition of the five levels of manStrive for excellencemoral character and wisdom, develop oneself, and contribute to society. This manifestsConfucianismin thoughtValuesand the view of human nature.