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Diabetes, a metabolic disease that is common worldwide, has gradually become an important problem that threatens human health. In particular, the incidence of type 2 diabetes is increasing year by year, which has a serious impact on the quality of life and health of human beings. Therefore, it is particularly important to diagnose type 2 diabetes in a timely and accurate manner.
The diagnosis of type 2 diabetes mellitus is based on clinical manifestations and relevant test findings. Among them, blood glucose testing is the core of diagnosing type 2 diabetes. At present, commonly used blood glucose testing methods include fasting blood glucose testing, postprandial blood glucose testing, and glycosylated hemoglobin testing.
A fasting blood glucose test is a blood sugar test that is done after 8-12 hours of fasting. This is one of the most commonly used methods for diagnosing type 2 diabetes. A normal person's fasting blood sugar level should be around 39-5.6 mmol l. If the fasting blood sugar level is 61-6.9 mmol L, prediabetes can be diagnosed; If the fasting blood glucose level is 70 mmol, which can be diagnosed as type 2 diabetes.
A postprandial blood glucose test is a blood glucose test that is taken 2 hours after eating. This approach provides a more accurate picture of the patient's glycemic control over the course of the actual diet. A normal person's 2-hour postprandial blood sugar level should be less than 78 mmol/l。If the blood sugar level is 7 2 hours after a meal8-11.Between 1 mmol L, prediabetes can be diagnosed; If the blood sugar level is 11 2 hours after a meal1 mmol, which can be diagnosed as type 2 diabetes.
Glycosylated hemoglobin test refers to the detection of the amount of glycosylated hemoglobin in the blood, which can reflect the average blood sugar level of the patient in the past 2-3 months. A normal person's glycosylated hemoglobin level should be between 4% and 6%. If the glycosylated hemoglobin level is 65%-6.Between 9%, prediabetes can be diagnosed; If the glycosylated hemoglobin level is 7%, type 2 diabetes can be diagnosed.
In addition to blood glucose testing, there are other factors to consider when diagnosing type 2 diabetes, such as age, body mass index, family history, etc. If you have a high risk factor for diabetes, your doctor may recommend more frequent blood glucose tests or further tests such as an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT).
OGTT is a method of measuring blood sugar levels that can assess how well blood sugar levels rise and fall after a patient consumes a certain amount of glucose. During OGTT, patients are required to take a certain amount of glucose on an empty stomach and then have a blood glucose test for a certain period of time. Based on changes in blood sugar levels, doctors can tell if a person has type 2 diabetes.
During the diagnosis of type 2 diabetes, doctors also consider the person's medical history and the results of a physical examination. In terms of medical history, the doctor will ask the patient whether he has a family history of diabetes, obesity, high blood pressure, hyperlipidemia, etc. In terms of physical examination, the doctor will observe the patient's weight, waist circumference, blood pressure and other indicators, and perform visual acuity, kidney function and other tests to evaluate the patient's complications.
In general, the diagnosis of type 2 diabetes requires a combination of factors such as clinical presentation, relevant examination findings, and medical history. The accuracy of the diagnosis can only be ensured through a thorough and meticulous evaluation. Once diagnosed with type 2 diabetes, patients need to actively under** and manage their health to control blood sugar levels, reduce the risk of complications, and improve quality of life.
In the future, with the continuous development of science and technology, it is believed that more advanced and more convenient diagnostic methods will appear, providing more possibilities for the diagnosis and development of diabetes. Let's hope that diabetes, a global health problem, can be better addressed.
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