Orchid Pavilion Preface (Chinese Series of Paintings and Calligraphy).
Yonghe is nine years old, and he is ugly. At the beginning of late spring, it will be in the Lanting of Huiji Shanyin, and repair things. The sages are complete, and the young are salty. "A small era of celebrity spirit that started in the bamboo forest and followed by the golden valley, wrote the strongest and most solemn stroke in the Lanting, and the Shangsi Festival in 353 A.D. was forever recorded in the forefront of the search list of Chinese history and culture. Its scenery, the forest is cultivated bamboo, the mountain stream is clear, "the sky is clear, the wind is smooth"; His people, Langya Wang's family, Chenjun Xie family, as well as Yu's family, Huan's family and other gate lord clans, a total of 42 people "sit in the second" and "take it as a flow of water"; As a result, twenty-six people left thirty-seven improvised poems, and there was also the first book in the world "Orchid Pavilion Preface" Mobao written by Wang Xi overnight. The years are like songs, and the mountains and rivers are forever.
The Lanting Yaji is a gathering without political overtones, with the men and women in wide robes and big sleeves sitting cross-legged on both sides of the winding stream, their wine glasses gently lifted by the leaves and floating slowly along the current. There are wine poems in the poems that are more beautiful, there are poems in the wine and the wine is more mellow, there is no guidance to the country, no seeking to dominate the wind and clouds, all the excitement and sadness are indifferent to the green mountains and green waters, and all the ideals and pursuits melt into the blue sky and white clouds. Of course, life will not only be spent in poetry and wine, but we will not forget the poetry and wine that we have had, the shortness of that moment is the eternity in memory, "to the love, between the pitches, has been a vestike, still can not help but rejoice in it", life with the heaven and earth, life is big, death is big, more heaven, the earth is big, it is in the "look up at the universe, look down on the prosperity of the category", these Wei and Jin celebrities completed the thinking of life, they can be free and relaxed to temporarily get rid of the shackles of the mainstream of Confucianism, Find the home of the soul in the natural landscape.
Wang Xizhi, the host of Lanting Yaji, used 324 words to describe the scene at that time, and the flowing penmanship was completed in one go, and the twenty "zhi" characters in the text were written differently. After the article was completed, everyone was shocked, so there was such an exclamation: "Floating like a cloud, like a startling dragon", it is to say its words, it is to praise its people, or both.
Wang Xizhi learned calligraphy from Mrs. Wei at the age of seven, Mrs. Wei inspired the students with the story of the pen washing pond of her predecessors, and urged him to study hard and practice hard. The Wei and Jin dynasties were a period of great development of calligraphy art, and the official script tended to be perfect, and the regular script came into being. Mrs. Wei asked Wang Xizhi to combine the strengths of various families and find innovation in the broken body. Wang Xizhi learned from others, deep understanding, he put the ancestor of the regular script of Zhong Xuan to improve the regular script of the self-contained, so that the word is more beautiful, dignified, and laid the foundation of the regular script for the next thousand years, by the descendants as the guide, there is a way is "the book is not Zongjin, and finally enters the wild road".
The line of calligraphy is between the regular script, is the auxiliary book body of the regular script, with the characteristics of simple and fast writing, and has the name of flowing regular script. Wang Xizhi's "Orchid Pavilion Preface" is written in lines, it has beautiful strokes, delicate fonts, smooth rhyme, strong dynamics, and vague connection between words and words, its chic and elegant aesthetic style, which is in line with the aesthetics of Wei and Jin celebrities, and reflects the spirit of the times. On that breezy spring day, the Lanting celebrities who participated in the elegant collection were all drunk, and the master collected more than 30 poems, waving the preface, and the wrong place in the text or a circle or a letter pen was painted, unrestrained, spontaneous and natural, and the book was full of amazing seats. Later, the master wanted to repeat it, but there was no longer a sense of the previous time, and the draft was finalized.
Diocesan texts have been widely copied as soon as they came out, and the first of the Orchid Pavilion of the Book of Books, throughout the ages, how many later scholars have bowed to worship and reveled in this law, leaving countless imitations for this, so that the authentic works are difficult to find. Most of the fine works of "Orchid Pavilion Preface" seen in major museums today are early copies, and the calligraphy of the Tang Dynasty is the most precious. Tang Taizong and Wu Zetian are obsessed with Wang fans, and there has always been a saying that the authentic works were brought into the Zhaoling Tomb or the Qianling Tomb, and the mausoleum at this level is not something that can be done by touching the golden captain and the mountain movers, and the mystery of the authentic works will continue to be guessed.
In the last years of the Western Jin Dynasty, the rebellion of the eight kings and the rebellion of Yongjia were continuously experienced, and the north was in dire straits, Sima Rui, the king of Langya, crossed the Yangtze River south with the help of Wang Dao and Wang Dun, and became the emperor of Jin Yuan (317 AD) under the support of the gate lord clan. The Langya Wang family made great contributions to the establishment of the Eastern Jin Dynasty, and the people of the Wang family also entered the prime minister, opening the situation of "the king and the horse share the world". Throughout the Eastern Jin Dynasty, the power was held by the four major families of Wang, Yu, Huan and Xie in turn, and it became a very rare dynasty in Chinese history in which monarchs and ministers ruled together.
Wang Xizhi is a member of the Langya Wang family, and there is a special idiom for this family - dazzling. The prosperity of the Wang family began with Wang Xiang and Wang Lan in the Han and Wei dynasties, and they were the protagonists of the ancient twenty-four filial piety "lying on the ice and seeking carp" and the twenty-four "Wang Lan fighting for the bird". In the Western Jin Dynasty was Wang Xiong, Wang Rong was listed in the Seven Sages of the Bamboo Forest, and Wang Yan and Wang Cheng were all in power. The heyday of the Eastern Jin Dynasty was Wang Lan, and there were as many as fifteen people in one product. Wang Xizhi belongs to four generations of children, and Wang Dao and Wang Dun are his uncles.
Despite this, the dates of Wang Xizhi's birth and death are the most confusing, and there are three types adopted in Cihai, the two ends of which are 303-361 and 321-379 AD. Such a difference has brought great inconvenience to the mental journey of the owner of the Lanting Pavilion for later generations. According to the latter statement, Wang Xizhi was only 32 years old when Lanting Yaji was established, and the former statement was 50 years old, and Lihe and Zhitian's destiny are completely different stages of life. However, judging from the 42 people in the Lanting gathering, Wang Xuanzhi, Wang Ningzhi, Wang Suzhi, Wang Lianzhi, Wang Huizhi, Wang Xianzhi and other Wang Jiaerlang, the latter statement is obviously difficult to establish.
There is a short story in "The World Speaks New Language", which can be supplemented by the age of the descendant **Wang Xizhi. When Wang Xizhi was less than ten years old, the general Wang Dun liked him very much and slept with him at night. Once, not long after Wang Dun got up, a henchman entered the inner room to seek work, perhaps because the matter was urgent, they "rebelled against the plan", that is, to discuss how to rebel, and when everything was negotiated, Wang Dun suddenly remembered that there was still a child sleeping in the tent, and he suddenly had the idea of "having to get rid of it". At this time, Xiao Wang Xizhi had already "heard what he had heard", and he spat in a hurry, looking like he was asleep. Wang Dunxin did not wake up and did not harm him. Wang Dun's rebellion occurred in 322 AD, when Wang Xizhi was not yet ten years old and should have been born around 312. Of course, "The New Language of the World" is not an official history, and it is for reference only.
Wang Xizhi's sons collectively participated in the Lanting Yaji, a group of young people dressed in white and similar in appearance gathered together, and they were only humble in front of their predecessors, which should be very stylish. The Qing monk Zhi Daolin once had a description: "I saw a group of white-necked black, but I heard a dumb voice." "Dumb was the spoken language of the time, which is equivalent to what it is now.
The Xie family participated in the Lanting Yaji, and there is also an idiom for the Xie family of Chen County - Zhilan Yushu, and the most heavyweight of the Xie family is called Xie An. Xie An was valued by Wang Dao when he was a child, and when he grew up, all the Wang clans wanted to take him as a son-in-law, and Xie An finally chose the sister of Liu Yi, the first madman in the Eastern Jin Dynasty, as his wife. Xie An has lived in seclusion in Huiji Dongshan for a long time, fishing in the landscape, Yan Yong belongs to the literature, and Wang Xizhi and others have a close relationship, Xie An was 33 years old when the Lanting gathering. The imperial court repeatedly asked Xie An to go out of the mountain, Xie An always returned to Dongshan in a perfunctory manner, and Liu Yi had a famous saying at that time: "If Anshi (Xie An) is determined to stand in Dongshan, he should be promoted with the world." ”
Xie An's road to seclusion ended at the age of 40, in just two or three years, Xie Shang, Xie Yi, who was an official in the court, died successively, and his younger brother Xie Wan's Northern Expedition was deposed as a concubine, and the Xie family had no one in the court. "Anshi Dongshan is thirty springs, proudly bringing prostitutes out of the dust" (Li Bai), Xie An entered Beijing, and did not forget to bring the Dongshan Song and Dance Troupe he set up himself.
In 383 AD, the former Qin Fujian raised an army of 800,000 to swallow the Jin in the south, and Xie An sent Xie Shi and Xie Xuan to lead 80,000 soldiers to resist, and the two sides lined up in Feishui. There is such a record in history, "Xie Gong played Go with others, and Xie Xuanhuai sent a letter to him", the battle report in front arrived, Xie An was silent after reading it, and continued to play chess. At the end of the game, the guests couldn't hold back any longer, and eagerly asked about the battle situation, Xie An replied: "The little ones are big thieves." That year, Xie An was 63 years old, and the world was still a child after all.
More than ten years later, Sun En rebelled, the rebels entered the Huiji, and Wang Xizhi's second son Wang Ningzhi finally got a man after being treated coldly by his wife and died as a martyr. His wife is none other than the talented daughter of the Xie family, and Xie Daoyun has been famous in the forest since she was a child. Xie Daoyun witnessed the tragic situation, drew his sword and fought bravely**, and the rebels were in awe when they knew her name and sent her home.
Liu Yu, who had been a small soldier in the Beifu Army, the main force of the Feishui Victory, grew up, and he quelled Sun En's rebellion and eventually became independent on behalf of the Jin Dynasty, with the country name Song (Southern Dynasty). Liu Yu regained his monopoly on Confucianism, and the small era of the Wei and Jin dynasties, which was biased towards Xuandao, came to an end, and the light of the gate lord clan also came to an abrupt end.
Wild grass and flowers by the Vermilion Bird Bridge, and the sunset at the mouth of Wuyi Alley. In fact, not only the Wuyi Lane of the Wang Xie family, even if Liu Yu, who is from a poor family and is in a high position, doesn't it also rain and blow away, "The grass and trees in the slanting sun, the ordinary alleys, the humane slave (Liu Yu) once lived", the slanting sun is not bullied, regardless of the wide alleys and alleys, but the swallows fly in, and they can no longer find the bird's nest in the past, so let's build a nest again.
In the old days, Wang Xie Tang Qianyan flew into the homes of ordinary people.