B16 is a mouse carcinoma (melanoma) cell line. This cell line is a valid in vitro model for the study of human cancer. It is frequently used to study the formation of solid tumors and the metastasis of cancer cells.The B16 cell line was established in 1954. These cells are from C57BL 6J mice, which spontaneously form tumors in the Jackson Lab in Maine.
B16 are melanin-producing epithelial cells that have the ability to metastasize in the spleen, liver, and lungs.
Melanoma B16 cells grow in a monolayer and exhibit epithelioid and spindle-shaped cell morphology.
The size of the B16 cell line is approximately 154μm。
B16 cells have different clonal sublineages, including B16GMCSF, B164A5, B16FLT3, and B16F10. These sublineages differ from B16 cells and retain some specific characteristics. For example, they differ in morphology, cell size, and other characteristics. B16F10 has a high capacity for lung metastasis, and B16A3 is the most aggressive ** cancer cell line compared to B164F5, B16-GMCSF, and B10FLT16[1].
Multiply time: About 24 hours.
Growth characteristics: B16 cells are adherent and grow as a monolayer.
Advice on passaging: It is recommended that B16 cells be seeded at a cell density of 1 to 2 104 cells cm2. Rinse the attached B16 cells with 1x PBS and dissociate from the surface using Accutase solution. Centrifuge the cells and resuspend the cell pellet in growth medium. Subsequently, these cells are assigned to a new flask for growth.
Culture medium: 10% fetal bovine serum (FBS), RPMI-1640 medium. The growth medium should be updated 2-3 times a week.
Growing conditions：5%co°c
Storage: -150°C or less.
Biosafety level：bsl1
B16 is the first effective mouse tool to be widely used in metastasis studies because of the advantages it provides. Some of the advantages of this ** cancer cell line are:
Easy to grow: The B16 cell line is easy to grow in research labs. It is widely used to study cancer cell biology, signaling pathways, and more.
Rapid growth: The B16 melanoma cell line exhibits a high rate of proliferation, making it suitable for studying cells** and growth processes.
Tumorigenic: B16 is a tumorigenic cell line with tumor-like properties such as invasion, migration, and proliferation. It is valuable for studying tumor formation, progression, and metastasis.
Lack of human relevance: Because B16 is a mouse melanoma cell line, it may not accurately represent human cancer biology, limiting the translatability of the findings.
Heterogeneity: B16 cells are heterogeneous, exhibiting different genetic and phenotypic properties in the same culture. This may affect the reliability and reproducibility of the results.
This mouse** cancer cell line is tumorigenic and is widely used to understand tumor biology. Several studies have been conducted to explore the cellular mechanisms underlying tumor cell growth, proliferation, and metastasis using B16 cells. A study conducted in 2020 investigated the role of long-stranded non-coding RNA LNCRNA MEG3 in melanoma formation, growth, and metastasis using B16 cells. This study found that non-coding RNAs modulate the miRNA-21 E-cadherin axis to stimulate these cellular events[2]. As such, studies are conducted using B16 cells to investigate the potential role of NOTCH1 signaling in tumor-induced immunosuppression[3].
B16 cells are used to validate and test the potential efficacy of drug candidates. One study evaluated the antitumor effects of neogambogic acid, a natural compound, using the B16 cell line. The results suggest that this compound regulates the PI3K AKT mTOR signaling pathway, leading to cancer cell death[4]. Another study utilized the B16 cell line to investigate the anti-melanoma effects of ginsenoside RG3. Studies have shown that this natural compound causes antitumor activity by downregulating the ERK and AKT pathways[5].
Here are some important literature on the B16 melanoma cell line. LNCRNA-MEG3 promotes melanoma growth, metastasis, and formation by modulating the miR-21 E-cadherin axisThe paper, published in the International Journal of Cancer Cell (2020), proposes that the long non-coding RNA MEG3 promotes the formation, growth, and metastasis of B16 melanoma cells by modulating the miRNA-21 E-cadherin axis. (MPFC, a novel psoralen derivative, promotes melanin production by activating the p38 MAPK and PKA signaling pathways in B16 cellsThis article was published in the International Journal of Molecular Medicine in 2018. In this study, the role and mechanism of the psoralen derivative-4-methyl-6-phenyl-2H-furo[3,2-g]chromen-2-one (MPFC) in B16 cells were investigated. The study proposes that this derivative promotes melanin production by stimulating PKA and P38 MAPK cell signaling. (NotCH1 signaling in melanoma cells promotes tumor-induced immunosuppression by upregulating TGF-1The study was published in the Journal of Experimental and Clinical Cancer Research in 2018. The results suggest that activation of Notch1 signaling in B16 cells may prevent anti-tumor immunity by upregulating the expression of TGF-1 gene. (Neogambogic acid induces apoptosis in melanoma B16 cells via the PI3K AKT MTOR signaling pathwayThe study was conducted by Wu Chunlan and his colleagues in 2020 and published in the Polish Journal of Biology. This study suggests that neogambogic acid is a natural compound that causes B16 melanoma cell death by modulating the PI3K AKT MTOR signaling cascade. (Iridium(III) complex acts as a potent anticancer agent to induce apoptosis and autophagy in B16 cells by inhibiting the AKT MTOR pathwayThe study** was published in the European Journal of Medicinal Chemistry in 2018. In this study, the researchers used B16 melanoma cells to study the anticancer activity of a compound, the iridium(III) complex. (Adenone induces cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in melanoma B16 and A375This study proposes that, as a biologically active plant, aillanthone has anti-cancer potential because it can induce apoptosis and cell cycle arrest in B16 and A375 melanoma cells. This article was published in the journal Biomolecules in 2019. (
Culturing melanoma cells: Provides valuable tips for culturing melanoma cell lines. Cell line passaging: A general subculture protocol for cell lines is presented. Transfection of the B16F10 cell line: The transfection protocol for the B16 melanoma cell subline is explained. It can help you optimize your transfection protocol for B16 cells. The following links contain cell culture protocols for the B16 cell line: Culture B16 cells: Contains all the necessary information for culturing B16 cells, including growth medium, passaging, thawing, and freezing cells.
danciu, c., et al., beh**iour of four different b 16 murine melanoma cell sublines: c57 bl/6j skin. international journal of experimental pathology, 2015.(2): p. 73-80.
wu, l., et al., lncrna meg3 promotes melanoma growth, metastasis and formation through modulating mir-21/e-cadherin axis. cancer cell international, 2020.: p. 1-14.
yang, z., et al., notch1 signaling in melanoma cells promoted tumor-induced immunosuppression via upregulation of tgf-β1. journal of experimental & clinical cancer research, 2018.(1): p. 1-13.
wu, c., et al., neogambogic acid induces apoptosis of melanoma b16 cells via the pi3k/akt/mtor signaling pathway. acta biochimica polonica, 2020.(2): p. 197-202.
meng, l., et al., antitumor activity of ginsenoside rg3 in melanoma through downregulation of the erk and akt pathways. international journal of oncology, 2019.(6): p. 2069-2079.
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