Liu Xiaobiao (462-521), known as Jun, whose real name is Fawu, the word Xiaobiao, is a native of Pingyuan (now Pingyuan County, Shandong Province). Liang literary scholar of the Southern Dynasty. Liu Xiaobiao lived in the Song, Qi and Liang dynasties, and was a slave in the Northern Wei Dynasty for 17 years, but because he died in the Liang Dynasty, he is generally called a member of the Liang Dynasty. He is famous for commenting on Liu Yiqing's "New Words of the World", and his articles are also good at beautifying the time.
Liu Xiaobiao was born in troubled times, separated from his family when he was a child, and was sold to the family of the wealthy Liu Shi. Work hard and study hard day and night. Qinghe Cui Weizu called him a "book prostitute". In the fifth year of Taishi (469), the Northern Wei Dynasty occupied Qingzhou, and Liu Xiaobiao went to Pingcheng (now Datong City, Shanxi Province) to become a monk, and soon returned to the vulgar.
After escaping back to Jiangnan, he also received several appreciations and courtesies. Most of the emperors in the Southern Dynasties were born in the lower classes, so "they and their children had a dual mentality of contempt and envy for the literati", literary creation had a higher status in the hearts of the emperors of the Southern Dynasties, and Emperor Wu of Liang was even more competitive in literature and did not give an inch. Liu Xiaobiao, who has a straightforward personality and is unwilling to follow the ups and downs of the public, encountered Emperor Wu of Liang in this context, showed his talents, and promoted himself, so he cut himself off from the road of progress.
Liu Xiaobiao's bumpy career and frustration in life have had a positive impact on his literary creation, making him outstanding achievements. Liu Xiaobiao's works are less of the common glamorous state of the Southern Dynasties, and more of a simple and generous style, which can take the strengths of the north and the south to form their own unique style, especially the creation of the Pun style, which represents the highest level of the Liang generation. Although Liu Xiaobiao had a gap with Emperor Wu of Liang, when Xiao Tong, the prince of Zhaoming, compiled the "Anthology", he still included many articles such as Liu Xiaobiao's "Theory of Extensive Friendship" and "Theory of Argumentation". It shows that Xiao Tong was not influenced by his father, and his love for Liu Xiaobiao's works also reflects the recognition of Liu Xiaobiao by the people of the time.
Liu Xiaobiao's most famous achievements are still in the field of annotations, especially the "Commentary on the New Language of the World", which is an indelible stroke in the history of Chinese literature. In the "Synopsis of the Four Libraries", it is said: "The note of filial piety is especially exemplary, and its correction of righteousness is particularly refined. The books cited have now escaped nine out of ten, but they rely on the notes to pass on, so they are cited by the same as the "Notes on the Chronicles of the Three Kingdoms", "Notes on the Water Classic" and "Notes on Selected Texts". ”
Liu Xiaobiao's "Commentary on the New Language of the World" has two outstanding features: one is the use of historians' penmanship to make annotations, which is similar to writing history. Liu Xiaobiao collected a wide range of editions, corrected their differences, and made concise and concise annotations on the characters, current affairs, righteousness, famous objects, and dialects contained in the original book. The use of mutual and different views in the notes has been used as a reference for later generations of commentators. I really don't know the content, Liu Xiaobiao noted "unknown" or "unheard", etc., and his honest attitude of annotating books is also respected by later generations. Second, there are a large number and types of cited books, with more than 400 kinds of miscellaneous works on scriptures and more than 70 kinds of poems and essays, which not only show his erudition, but also his historic, literary, philological and linguistic value.
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