The Qing Dynasty, as a Manchu regime, took great pains to rule the Han Chinese. The world praises the prosperous Kangqian era, but rarely pays attention to the dark side of the prosperous era.
Where there is light, there is darkness, and it is dark under the lamp. The survival of the literati during the Qianlong period was, in a word, difficult. Why is that?
To rule a nation, the most fundamental thing is to control it ideologically. Therefore, both Kangxi and Qianlong attach great importance to thought control, especially Emperor Qianlong, who is well versed in the way of emperors.
However, absolute thought control often causes rumors, and also breeds framing and planting, which gradually forms "**According to statistics, Emperor Qianlong reigned for more than 60 years, and made no less than 130 large, medium and small scale ***, among which many literati have become stepping stones for others to ascend to power.
Take Emperor Qianlong's Laozi Yongzheng as an example, because of the literati's pastime of "Qingfeng is illiterate, why do you flip through books", he was sentenced to beheading. The reason is that this poem has a great disrespect for the imperial court.
Nowadays, even if you focus on this poem, you can't understand why this poem has the intention of rebellion. But under the interpretation of those who are interested, this sentence seems to accuse the rulers of the Qing Dynasty of having no ink. Then the poetry collection of this literati was taken out one by one for reading comprehension, and the poem "The bright moon is affectionate and takes care of me, and the breeze has no intention of leaving no one".
If you follow the above understanding ideas, you must also know why Emperor Yongzheng was furious. Doesn't this mean that the previous dynasty, that is, the Ming Dynasty, is obsessed? "Qingfeng" naturally refers to the current dynasty. According to such an absurd logic, this poet who likes the breeze and the moon was directly wiped on his neck.
When he arrived at Emperor Qianlong, the son of Yongzheng, the biting of words and words became more and more intense, and the matter of chasing wind and shadows became more and more intense. But he did not directly say that he would investigate the many works that were so-called non-compliant, but borrowed a high-sounding reason.
In the 38th year of Qianlong, the emperor ordered the revision of the "Siku Quanshu". In the eyes of today's people, the "Siku Quanshu" is a huge work and a treasure, which is not only all-encompassing, but also can find knowledge in many professional fields; However, in the eyes of the literati at the time, the revision of the Siku Quanshu was a catastrophe for the literati and writers.
At that time, there was a person named Xu Shukui, who had died as early as the 28th year of Qianlong, but during the compilation of the "Siku Quanshu", he said in "One Pillar Building" that "Zhenxi during the Ming Dynasty and reached the Qing capital in one fell swoop", which made the person who had already died become a victim of ***, not only all kinds of works were destroyed, but even Xu Shukui's grandson also died.
But in fact, the poem that triggered the thunderous wrath of the Qianlong Emperor was only intended to compare himself to a bird flying freely in the sky.
With all kinds of lessons from the past, the literati thought that should have been flying freely like a bird was completely sealed in the political cage, and the process of compiling the "Siku Quanshu" took 20 years, a total of 800 million words, and also created more than 100 cases of countless innocent deaths.
According to statistics, about 150,000 books were burned during the Qianlong period, and all efforts were made to destroy books that were not conducive to the rule of the Qing Dynasty.
If you want to talk about this matter, I have to mention one person, this person is Yin Jiaquan's father - Yin Huiyi.
Yin Huiyi has written countless books in his life, and he also enjoys a good reputation in his hometown of Henan, coupled with his filial piety and righteousness, he often lends a helping hand to the difficulties of his hometown. And Yin Huiyi's wisdom has to talk about his mother, Yin Jiaquan's grandmother.
Yin Huiyi's mother is getting older and older, and in order to take care of his mother, Yin Huiyi resigned to Emperor Qianlong and returned to his hometown, and explained the reason for his return. Emperor Qianlong admired Cheng Zhu Lixue and preached filial piety, and praised Yin Huiyi's reason for resignation after hearing it, not only allowing Yin Huiyi's request, but even personally writing a plaque for him, and Yin's sage in his hometown was completely established.
It is often said that the tiger father has no dog son, Yin Huiyi's son Yin Jiaquan, also inherited his father's literary talent, became an official in the middle of the court, and achieved the Zhengqing of the three grades of official residence in Dali Temple, mainly in charge of judicial prisons until he retired and returned home.
As a great Confucian at that time, Yin Jiaquan annotated many Confucian classics at that time, and also had the great task of selecting reading books for the royal children, and his "Primary School Encyclopedia" was also greatly praised by Emperor Qianlong.
In the 46th year of Qianlong, the emperor went out of the palace to the west to Wutai Mountain, and temporarily rested in today's Baoding when he returned, and Yin Jiaquan, who had retired, happened to live in Baoding.
Who knows what Old Man Yin was thinking in his heart, and on the spur of the moment he submitted a letter to the emperor, asking for a nickname for his father Yin Huiyi. Perhaps he wanted to emulate his father and win the reputation of a filial son, so this recital was presented to Qianlong's desk.
Perhaps Yin Jiaquan was immersed in the fantasy of what name the emperor would give his father at home, recalling his father's talent and his own literary exploits, and then he wrote a second letter, asking Emperor Qianlong to include his father Yin Huiyi in the Temple of Literature and be praised by the heavens.
The first letter aroused the emperor's dissatisfaction, and the emperor criticized Zhu on the recital: "It is a national code to be with you, how can you ask for it in vain?" It should have been punished. If you are restless at home, you must not be punished. ”
This is not only a rejection of Yin Jiaquan's request, but even a faint implication that he wants to punish the crime. Emperor Qianlong will give the title of the grace of the state, how can an individual ask for it? But at this time, Emperor Qianlong was still sensible and did not cure the crimes of Old Man Yin. But even if it is a verbal punishment, the words are very harsh.
As the saying goes, "A companion is like a tiger." "When ordinary people come here, they will obediently shut their mouths and be quiet as a quail to save their lives. Anyway, he is already a retired person, as long as he spends his old age in peace. But Yin Jiaquan's second letter was tantamount to breaking ground on the tiger's head, which instantly angered Emperor Qianlong.
In this way, the old minister, who had already retired, was imprisoned, and all his family property was confiscated.
And this has to talk about the legal provisions of the Qing Dynasty. The disagreement between the two things requested by Old Man Yin can be seen from Emperor Qianlong's Zhu criticism, but how outrageous it is, listen to me in detail.
Needless to say, it is natural that only the emperor can exercise this right. Since ancient times, only the first rank minister can be fortunate to get the title given by the emperor after his death, and if the second rank minister wants to get the nickname, he must make outstanding contributions, and the emperor will give it a special gift.
Besides, the tablet entering the Temple of Literature can be honored with Confucius, and Yin Jiaquan's request is impossible for the emperor to agree. One is that Yin Jiaquan's father enjoys a virtuous name, but it is far from enough to make such a contribution as entering the Temple of Literature to receive worship. The second is to ignore the dignity and inferiority, under the premise of the strict morality of the ancient hierarchical system, this crime can even lead to death.
It just so happened that the compilation of the "Siku Quanshu" was in full swing at that time, and Yin Jiaquan, who became a thorn in the emperor's eyes at this time, was even more taken care of. The collection of books in Old Man Yin's house was all brought in, and under careful inspection, no one could withstand exaggerated interpretation.
At that time, Yin Jiaquan, who was in his 70s, found out more than 130 disobedient words in his home, and after Qianlong looked at them one by one, the ultimatum he issued was "Ling Chi will be executed, and his family will sit down."
This is not just a matter of condemning one person, but also involves the lives of the Yin family. At that time, Old Man Yin did not regret his many things to the end, we don't know. With a safe and stable retirement life, the family's virtuous name dissipated like smoke, and even took his own life.
In the official history, Yin Jiaquan's ending came to an abrupt end, but there has always been such a legend passed down by word of mouth among the folk.
According to legend, the Criminal Department in charge of this matter left an article recording Yin Jiaquan's escape from death:
Before sending people on the road, they must always let people eat a full meal and be a full ghost. Before Yin Jiaquan's execution, Emperor Qianlong specially gave him a good meal to see him off. It is said that the old man's face did not change before leaving, and he drank and ate meat as usual, and he was going to die generously, although the reason for his death was not so open, but this moved Emperor Qianlong, and he actually pardoned the old man Yin.
Maybe it was the gray hair that moved Emperor Qianlong, or maybe it was the king's exploits that made Emperor Qianlong soften for a while, and we don't know the answers to these questions for a long time.
As an emperor, it seems to be our consensus that the order must not be changed overnight, but the record of this matter in the wild history seems to make an emperor who is decisive in killing and decisive, tainted with some human colors. What do you think about this? Welcome to leave a message in the comment area to discuss.
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