1. The status quo of China's leading industry
Foreign trade industry
In 2020, China's foreign trade stabilized rapidly after experiencing a sharp increase in the first quarter, and exports have maintained a growth trend for 9 consecutive months since the "stop falling and rebounding" in April. In the case of a sharp contraction in the world, the annual import and export value and total export value both hit a record high, and the international market share also hit a record high, and the status of China's largest country in goods has been further consolidated. On the whole, the current world economic growth continues to slow down, and it is still in the period of deep adjustment after the international financial crisis, and the external environment facing the development of foreign trade is still severe and complex.
However, with the acceleration of the formation of a new development pattern with the domestic cycle as the mainstay and the domestic and international dual cycles reinforcing each other, and the continuous advancement of high-level opening-up, new international cooperation and new competitive advantages are constantly being formed. The domestic "six stability" policy measures continue to be effective, the business environment continues to improve, the vitality of market players continues to increase, the foreign trade structure continues to be optimized, and the long-term trend of accelerating power transformation has not changed.
Domestic ** industry
In recent years, in the face of a complex and changeable international environment and arduous and arduous tasks of domestic development, reform, and stability, the development of the national economy has maintained relatively good growth. The GDP for the whole year of 2020 was 101,598.6 billion yuan, an increase of 23%。
Quarterly, the first quarter decreased by 6 year-on-year8% and 3 percent growth in the second quarter2%, up 49% and 65%。
By industry, the added value of the primary industry was 7,775.4 billion yuan, up by 3 percent over the previous year0%；the added value of the secondary industry was 38,425.5 billion yuan, up by 26%；the added value of the tertiary industry was 55,397.7 billion yuan, up by 21%。The GDP for the whole year of 2021 was 114,367 billion yuan, an increase of 8 over the previous year on a constant** basis1%。
Quarterly, the first quarter increased by 183%, with a growth of 79% and 4% growth in the third quarter9% and 40%。By industry, the added value of the primary industry was 8,308.6 billion yuan, up by 7 percent over the previous year1%；the added value of the secondary industry was 45,090.4 billion yuan, up by 82%；the added value of the tertiary industry was 60,968.0 billion yuan, up by 82%。
On the whole, China's economic development has maintained a leading position in the world, the national strategic scientific and technological strength has been accelerated, the resilience of the industrial chain has been improved, the reform and opening up has been promoted in depth, the people's livelihood has been effectively guaranteed, and the construction of ecological civilization has been continuously promoted.
2. Industry policy
External** is an important driving force for China's GDP growth; In 2009, China overtook Germany to become the largest exporter; Foreign trade is the main source of China's huge foreign exchange reserves, and the strategic position of China's economy is unshakable.
In June 2010, the Ministry of Finance and the State Administration of Taxation issued the "Notice on the Cancellation of Export Tax Rebates for Some Commodities" to cancel the tax rebate rate of 406 tax codes such as some steel and non-ferrous metal processing materials, and cancel the export tax rebate rate of some products, reflecting the policy intention of the state to accelerate the adjustment of industrial structure and promote the transformation of foreign trade development mode. Higher requirements are put forward to improve the degree of deep processing.
In addition, the state also vigorously supports the agreement on the free zone with an overall impact. China has signed free trade agreements with six countries and regions, including ASEAN and New Zealand, and is also negotiating free trade agreements with six countries and regions, including Australia. The strategically important free trade agreement and the tariff and industrial policies at the tactical level will further expand the best space, reduce tariff barriers, and promote the development of the foreign trade industry.
In terms of domestic circulation, on November 16, 2016, the Ministry of Commerce and other 10 departments issued the "13th Five-Year Plan for Domestic Circulation", which put forward specific development goals from the overall scale of domestic trade circulation, modernization level, enterprise competitiveness, development coordination, etc.: the average annual growth rate of total retail sales of consumer goods during the "13th Five-Year Plan" period was about 10%, and the average annual growth rate of added value of wholesale, retail, accommodation and catering industry was 7about 5%; The average annual growth rate of e-commerce transaction volume and online retail sales is about 15% and 20%, respectively; The vitality of circulation enterprises has been enhanced, the ability of innovation and entrepreneurship and the degree of organization have been greatly improved, and the level of integration of the first chain has been significantly improved; The degree of integration of domestic and foreign markets and regional markets has been significantly improved, and the gap between urban and rural domestic trade circulation has narrowed; The market order has improved markedly, and the domestic trade circulation system and mechanism with sound rules, unified and open up, strong supervision and strong coordination, and high efficiency have basically taken shape.
On September 29, 2013, the China (Shanghai) Freedom Pilot Zone was officially established;
On April 21, 2015, China (Xiamen) Freedom ** Experimental Zone was established; This is a major measure to further promote reform and opening up under the new situation.
According to the requirements of the "Overall Plan for the China (Shanghai) Pilot Free Zone" (Guo Fa 2013 No. 38), the free trade zone shall be in accordance withTake the lead in experimenting, risk controllable, step by step, and gradual improvementIn the way, the expansion of opening up and the combination of institutional reform, the cultivation function and policy innovation, the formation of international investment, the basic institutional framework of the first common rules.
After two to three years of reform experiments, we will accelerate the transformation of our functions, actively promote the expansion of the opening up of the service industry and the reform of the foreign investment management system, vigorously develop the headquarters economy and new business formats, accelerate the exploration of capital account convertibility and the comprehensive opening of the financial services industry, explore the establishment of a classified supervision model for the state of goods, strive to form a policy support system to promote investment and innovation, focus on cultivating an international and law-based business environment, and strive to build a world-class investment convenience, free currency exchange, The free pilot zone, with efficient and convenient supervision and a standardized legal environment, explores new ideas and new ways for China to expand opening up and deepen reform, and better serves the whole country. The free park strategy and the construction of the "Belt and Road" that the country is actively promoting are expected to become the direction and driving factor of the new normal of China's foreign trade.
In 2018, the Ministry of Commerce will carry out supply-side structural reforms".Consolidate, enhance, improve, and unobstructed"Work the eight-character policy, further develop diversified markets, vigorously cultivate new forms and models of foreign trade, actively expand imports, make every effort to hold the second import expo, and promote the high-quality development of foreign trade.
In 2019, the "Guiding Opinions on Promoting High-quality Development" was issued, which clearly strengthened scientific and technological innovation, institutional innovation, model and business innovation, and promoted the coordinated development of imports and exports, goods and services, two-way investment, and industries, so as to achieve high-quality development.
In 2020, China successively issued the "Announcement of the State Administration of Taxation of the Ministry of Finance on Increasing the Export Tax Rebate Rate of Some Products", "Notice on the Current Work of Better Service to Stabilize Foreign Trade", "Opinions of the General Office on Further Stabilizing Foreign Trade and Foreign Investment", "Implementation Opinions of the General Office on Supporting the Domestic Sales of Export Products", "Implementation Opinions on Promoting the Innovation and Development of Foreign Affairs" and "Implementation Opinions of the General Office on Promoting the Innovation and Development of Foreign Affairs" and other policies. The new development pattern of domestic and international dual circulation promotes each other, accelerates the promotion of the "five optimizations" of international market layout, domestic regional layout, business entity, commodity structure, and advanced methods, and the "three constructions" of foreign trade transformation and upgrading base, promotion platform, and international marketing system, and trains to participate in international cooperation and competitive advantages under the new situation to achieve innovative development of foreign trade.
In 2021, China's external affairs will be generally stable and stable. Generally, the import and export growth rate and the proportion of the increase, and the "Belt and Road" along the country import and export growth momentum is good, regional development is more coordinated, the structure of export commodities continues to be optimized, and the quality and efficiency of foreign countries are further consolidated. On the whole, the current long-term steady and positive development momentum of China's domestic economy has not changed, and a series of policies and measures have been introduced around stabilizing foreign investment and foreign trade, and their effects are gradually emerging.
3. Industry development trends
in".Openness, inclusiveness, inclusiveness, balance and win-win"Under the concept,"The Belt and Road Initiative"Construction".Go deepThe construction of the free trade zone has deepened, and the new system of China's open economy has gradually improved, and its role in promoting global economic development has been continuously enhanced. China's economy has shifted from a stage of high-speed growth to a stage of medium-high-speed and high-quality development, and is in a critical period of transforming the mode of development, optimizing the economic structure, and transforming the growth momentum.
In 2021, as the third year of promoting high-quality development, the supply-side structural reform will continue to be deepened, the innovation drive will be strengthened, and the work of stabilizing growth, promoting reform, adjusting structure, benefiting people's livelihood and preventing risks will be coordinated and promoted, and the economy will continue to maintain a steady and progressive momentum. A series of precise control measures, such as the PBOC's expansion of the scope of collateral for medium-term lending facilities and targeted RRR cuts, will further increase the liquidity of the financial market, reduce the financing cost of enterprises, and ease the financing difficulty of the real economy, which is conducive to the continuous implementation of a prudent and neutral monetary policy.
The increasingly stringent policy of the United States towards China will cause a certain disturbance to China's export growth, but in the medium and long term, with the continuous improvement of China's level of opening up, the optimization of economic structure, industrial upgrading, the expansion of domestic demand, and the gradual deepening of regional coordinated development, the fundamentals of China's economy are expected to improve for a long time and maintain a medium-to-high-speed growth trend.