With the popularization of new energy equipment, batteries have been widely used in automobiles, electronic equipment and various energy storage power systems. In particular, the automotive industry is closest to the lives of ordinary people, so it has received the most attention.
It's just a pity that while new energy vehicles are widely praised by the public, they have also caused rounds of worry. In particular, the fear of battery *** made many people think that it was sitting on a "bomb".
It is important to know that lithium batteries, as the mainstream batteries of electric vehicles, are mostly affected by factors such as short circuits, impacts, and overcharging. At the moment when the current passes, a large amount of heat occurs in the overpotential and ohmic polarization, which heats the battery locally to the temperature of the thermal decomposition of the positive electrode. The heat generated by the thermal decomposition of the positive electrode leads to the battery**
At the same time, ternary lithium batteries, which are more widely used and have higher energy density, have a ignition point of only 200 degrees Celsius. And there is a more worthy of people's attention to the problem that unlike ordinary **, lithium batteries are difficult to extinguish by non-professionals. Therefore, concerns about lithium batteries have always been widespread in people's hearts.
But fortunately, in addition to lithium batteries, we have other options, such as "water batteries". From the name we can feel its security, **and** is a difficult thing for it. It's just that the reason why we didn't choose "water battery" is because it has a natural weakness compared with lithium batteries.
In fact, if we pay attention to the development path of battery electrolyte, we will find that it originally started from the water system. The current aqueous battery is also an iteration of the technology and materials of the early battery.
In conventional batteries, aqueous electrolytes tend to have higher ionic conductivity than organic electrolytes and therefore typically provide higher power density.
Just due to the theoretical decomposition voltage of water is 123V, so the battery voltage of the electrolyte system using water as the solvent is only about 2V at most (e.g., lead-acid batteries), and the energy density cannot be improved. However, through years of technology accumulation and development, the existing "water battery" has broken through the limitation of its energy density through a variety of technical means.
At present, "water batteries" can be divided into two categories, namely metal-ionic and non-metal-ionic. At present, the fastest growing type belongs to the metal ion type.
For example, researchers at RMIT University's School of Science recently unveiled water-metal ion batteries. Water replaces the organic electrolyte, allowing current to flow between the positive and negative electrodes, which means their batteries don't **or** like lithium-ion batteries.
Above: Royal Melbourne University University Distinguished Professors Tianyi Ma (left) and Dr Zhu Lingfeng and their team completed the design and manufacture of the "water battery".
Their findings, published in Advanced Materials, show that they have overcome a major challenge – "dendrites," a destructive growth of dendritic protrusions that can cause short circuits and other serious failures.
To do this, the team coated the affected battery components with a metal called bismuth and its oxide (also known as rust) as a protective layer against dendrite formation.
The result is a much longer battery life that is comparable to commercial lithium-ion batteries on the market. In addition, they recently made a magnesium-ion water battery with an energy density of 75 watt-hours per kilogram, which is 30% higher than the latest Tesla car batteries. Of course, compared to lithium batteries, water batteries are larger. So their next goal is to reduce the space occupied by the unit of electricity as much as possible.
So it seems that batteries that won't, won't** will soon become mainstream. And when such batteries are popularized, all criticism of existing batteries will disappear. And since then, fuel vehicles will really retire from the stage of history and become antiques in warehouses.