The treatment of soft soil foundation is a key step in civil engineering to improve the stability and bearing capacity of the foundation, and the commonly used treatment methods include but are not limited to the following:
1 Surface treatment:
Sand cushion method: lay a sand layer of a certain thickness on the surface of the soft soil foundation to facilitate drainage and load dispersion.
Counter-pressure road protection method: add infill on both sides of the soft soil foundation to form a road protection and increase the stability of the foundation.
Geopolymer treatment method: the use of geotextiles, geonets and other geosynthetics to improve the bearing capacity of the foundation and reduce settlement.
2.Replacement of soil layer method:
Excavation and replacement method: remove the soft soil layer and fill it with sand and gravel to speed up the drainage and consolidation of the foundation.
Rubble squeezing method: Throwing large stones on the surface of soft soil and squeezing out the silt by the weight of the stones.
Blasting and dredging method: through the control of blasting technology, the volume of soft soil is reduced and the bearing capacity of the foundation is improved.
3.Drainage consolidation method:
Stacking preloading method: stacking sand bags or other materials on the foundation for preloading to accelerate the discharge of pore water.
Overload preloading method: A temporary overload is applied to the foundation to promote consolidation of soft soils.
Vacuum preloading method: through vacuuming, the pore water pressure in the soil is reduced and consolidation is promoted.
4.Vibrating and squeezing method:
High compaction method: use a heavy hammer to fall freely to generate a shock wave to make the soil compact.
Vibro compaction method: through the vibrating equipment, the contact between soil particles can improve the compactness of the soil.
5.Displacement and mixing method:
Replacement cushion method: replace the soft soil layer with sand, gravel and other materials to establish a composite foundation.
High-pressure spraying slurry method: high-pressure cement slurry is sprayed into soft soil to form a hardened body and improve the strength of the foundation.
Deep mixing method: cement slurry or other chemical slurry is injected into the soft soil, and mixed with the in-situ soil to strengthen the foundation.
6.Frost heave control method:
Freezing method: use to freeze soft soil, increase strength, and reduce the impact of frost heave.