In modern timesChinese Historyon,Eight-Nation AllianceThe invasion of China is a painful history. When many people mention this period of history, they will think that it was because of the backward equipment and low strategic level of the Qing Dynasty at that timeQing Armyof the rout. However, this view is not comprehensive and even somewhat biased. Actually,Qing Armyin the faceEight-Nation Allianceencountered a series of conspiracies and interests hidden behind history.
First of all, we need to be clear that before the Opium Wars, China did see itself as "".** Upper CountryAnd adhere to the policy of "closing the country to the outside world". However, it was only after the Opium War that China really realized that it was in science and technologyMilitaryand other backwardness, began to wake up, and tried to achieve the rejuvenation of the country through reform and self-improvement. But this process of awakening is also full of humiliation and pain. The Qing ** was forced to sign unequal treaties, cede land, pay reparations, and even foreign powers set up concessions in China and enjoyed themExtraterritoriality。This is undoubtedly a huge spiritual shock for China, which once regarded itself as the center of the world.
Against this humiliating background, Qing's foreign policy was full of compromise and subservience, lacking a firm stance. And the Empress Dowager Cixi, as the actual person in power, is facing itEight-Nation AllianceAt the time of the invasion, it also showed a complex and contradictory attitude. On the one hand, she saw itBoxerand other civilian forces may become a powerful tool to defend against foreign enemies, and they intend to unite with them to fight against foreign forces. But on the other hand, she frequently showed a lack of determination and decisiveness, and her indecision affected the situation of the battle. This hesitation reflects the lack of a unified and clear strategy within the Qing Dynasty.
In addition, corruption and improper decision-making within the Qing ** are also causedQing ArmyOne of the reasons for the rout. Qing *** corruption is serious, military pay is insufficient, partlyQing ArmyThe soldiers were not even adequately supplied. This led to low morale and a lack of combat effectiveness. In addition, Qing ** inMilitaryThere are also problems with organization and command, and an efficient command system has not been established, and it is impossible to deal with them effectivelyEight-Nation Allianceof the offense.
Finally, the collusion and entanglement of interests between foreign powers have exerted tremendous pressure on China. AlthoughEight-Nation AllianceIt represents the forces of several different countries, but in practice, there is a certain amount of cooperation and exchanges between countries. Through intelligence sharing and coordinated operations, they have strengthened their counterpartsQing Armystriking force. At the same time, in order to safeguard their respective interests, the great powers should also agree on an agreement to distribute the oppression of the Qing ** to their respective territories. This makes:Qing ArmyNot only need to be facedIntrudersalso needs to deal with the challenge of multiple foreign powers at the same time.
In general,Eight-Nation AllianceThe reasons for the invasion of China are complex and diverse, involving China's own internal and external factors. AlthoughQing Army's equipment and command level are indeed problematic, but more importantly, they are facing an invading force that is united and has the same interests. And the corruption and indecision of the Qing **, as well as the collusion between foreign powers, were weakenedQing Armyresistance. Therefore, simply to blameQing ArmyThe reasons themselves are one-sided and cannot be fully understood and explainedEight-Nation AllianceThe historical event of the invasion of China.