In recent years, in the planning and construction of modern cities in China, urban planning departments and all walks of life have realized the importance of landscape construction, and the construction of garden landscape and the vitality and vitality of garden have become one of the important concepts of garden landscape design. Relevant departments continue to increase the capital investment in landscape construction, and gradually put garden planning at the height of urban ecological construction. According to the differences in climatic characteristics, natural features and regional cultural characteristics, it has created an environment rich in local characteristics.
1.Principles of garden planning and design.
1.1. Local characteristics.
The garden is not only a space to shape natural beauty and artistic beauty, but also a carrier and representation of a city's historical culture and regional culture, and a part of the city's memory, which should fully reflect the strong local characteristics, that is, social characteristics and natural characteristics.
The garden should highlight its local social characteristics, that is, its humanistic characteristics and historical characteristics. The construction of the garden should inherit the historical context of the city itself, adapt to the local customs and folk culture, and highlight the characteristics of local architectural art, so as to enhance the cohesion of the garden and the attractiveness of the city. The planning and design of the harmonious garden attaches great importance to the excavation of the historical and cultural materials of Xinxiang City, and combines the specific topographical characteristics of the garden for a reasonable layout.
The garden should also highlight its local natural characteristics, that is, adapt to the local topography, landform, temperature and climate. Urban gardens should strengthen the geographical characteristics, try to use architectural art techniques and building materials rich in local characteristics, and reflect the characteristics of local landscape gardens to adapt to local climatic conditions. The planning and design of the harmonious garden uses modern artistic techniques, fully combines local conditions, adapts measures to local conditions, and strives to create a modern urban park with outstanding local natural characteristics.
1.2. Highlight the theme.
Regardless of the size of the garden, it should first have an accurate positioning and a clear theme, and then focus on the main function of the garden, with the main purpose of reflecting the characteristics of the times, and comprehensively consider the overall layout of the park. This kind of planning and design will have a track to follow, in order to realize the function of the garden in shaping the image of the city, improving the urban environment (including the urban space environment and the urban ecological environment), and meeting the needs of people's multi-level activities.
1.3. Coordinated development.
Gardens should have a variety of value systems in the city, such as ecological value, environmental protection value, health care and recuperation value, tourism value, cultural and entertainment value, aesthetic value, social welfare value and economic value, etc., which play a very important role in social culture, economy, environment, disaster prevention and risk avoidance, and the sustainable development of the city. With the derivation of the function of the garden to comprehensiveness and diversity, the significance of the comprehensive use of urban space and the comprehensive solution of environmental problems in modern gardens has become increasingly apparent. Therefore, garden planning and design should not only have innovative ideas and methods, but also reflect the idea of coordinated development of a variety of value systems.
The garden is one of the most valuable open spaces in the city, an important indicator of the overall environmental level of the city and the quality of life of residents, a symbol of the coordination between people and the environment in the city, and the basis for the stability and development of the urban ecological environment. Priority should be given to the development of this kind of open space, which best reflects the charm of modern urban civilization.
Landscape planning and construction is a systematic project, involving all aspects such as architectural space form, landscaping layout, and road traffic connection. In the planning and design of the garden, we should always keep in mind the principle of taking into account the economic, social and environmental benefits, and we must not be partial to the waste, favoring one over the other.
2.Modern landscape design.
2.1. Combination of modern garden landscape design and classical garden art.
In the classical garden design, it has a certain closure and limitations, and the aesthetic taste and life philosophy embodied by it are far from the modern development, especially the creative ideas, design techniques, etc., which emphasize the times too much, and the scope of application is narrow. Therefore, when studying the modern landscape design, we should establish an innovative concept, abandon the defects in the traditional design, make use of the strengths and avoid the weaknesses, and realize the organic combination of classical culture and modern art. Therefore, in the landscape design, in addition to paying attention to the basic landscape, break through the limitations, reflect the spiritual realm of modern landscape development, enrich the practicality, and truly become a public garden that provides popular services. However, the application of traditional Chinese art does not mean that it is rigid and rigid, nor can it completely rely on the classical garden model, but must achieve the harmonious symbiosis of garden landscape design with the natural environment, human environment and social environment, improve the overall effect, and realize the natural sense of "the unity of nature and man". Only in this way can we lay the status of traditional Chinese art, reflect the regionality and culture, and continue and develop the garden landscape culture.
2.2. Master the application skills of traditional art in garden landscape.
The history of China's garden landscape design is rich and long, whether it is stacked mountains and rivers or spatial layout, outstanding works emerge in endlessly. Relying on the foundation of traditional Chinese art, it achieves the integration of scenes, plays the role of seeing the big from the small, and reflects the beauty of the sequence space. In short, the application of traditional Chinese art in modern landscape design, the establishment of advanced design concepts, enhance spatial awareness, within the limited space range, express the idea of landscape form, to achieve the landscape effect of changing scenery, small and large, to create a rich and changeable landscape space.
2.3. Express rich visual characteristics in landscape design.
In landscape design, it is the basic design goal to reflect the sense of beauty. The beauty in the garden landscape can be divided into three levels: formal beauty, artistic conception beauty, and concrete beauty. In the past, landscape design was often monolithic and boringDiversification will become an inevitable trend of modern landscape design. The highest level of landscape design is natural beauty, and if you want to achieve this effect, you must use other landscapes. In traditional Chinese art, the landscape is extremely rich, such as the Guilin landscape of "Jiatianxia", which has unique traditional art characteristicsThe tranquil beauty of Lijiang is also an important traditional art element in garden landscape designThe magnificent Snow River is also a rare element of traditional Chinese art.
The rich and diverse elements of traditional Chinese art express a multi-angle and multi-level visual beauty. Due to the rich development process of China's landscape design, from the past space opening to today's landscape design open, the organic combination of landscape design and humanities and art has been realized, and the design concept and design connotation have also made progress at a deep level. Judging from the current social development situation, the application of traditional Chinese art has reached a "period of effect", and the scope of landscape design has been further expanded, such as community landscapes, city squares, landscape gardens, riverside banks, etc., bringing more space for traditional Chinese art to play.
2.4. Expressing a harmonious spatial order with traditional art.
Compared with other landscape designs, garden landscape design emphasizes more on "artistic conception beauty", and the embodiment of this artistic conception beauty can be reflected through the axis. The axis in the landscape design can be both straight and curved, and the organic mixing of the axis can better express the rich sense of spatial hierarchy and enhance the aesthetic value. Among the elements of traditional Chinese art, the combination of movement and stillness expressed by "water" is more common, and if it is a flowing waterfall or river, it is presented in a dynamic formIf it is a quiet lake or pond, it is presented in static form. In the modern landscape design, the spirituality of water should be fully utilized. Taking Suzhou garden landscape design as an example, it not only reflects the change of the "axis" in traditional art, expresses a rich sense of landscape space, but also realizes the combination of dynamic and static water, reflecting the rich charm of space. In addition, the integration of traditional art into the space can also play an important role. For example, in the landscape of Suzhou, plum blossoms and bamboos with traditional Chinese art can be seen everywhere, expressing Chinese elements such as perseverance and willpower, and penetrating into people's lives, reflecting the elegant cultural conception.