Tomorrow Qi (AD 1621-1627, Ming Xizong Zhu by the school number) Dynasty only 7 years, and in the late Ming Dynasty eventful autumn, Jingdezhen official kiln fell into a state of decline, to Chongzhen when the official kiln ceased production. However, under the stimulation of a large number of export orders, the style of blue and white porcelain is in full bloom, and at this time it has got rid of the spiritual shackles of hundreds of years and has great innovation. Its era is characterized by the gradual decrease of large products, the increase of small products, the neatness of large products is slightly poor, and the small products are very fine, quite a long history.
The porcelain fetuses of the Apocalypse are made of all-white kaolin, and the fetal material is completely porcelain. The carcass inherited the characteristics of the Wanli Dynasty, and the large utensils were rougher, the carcass was thick and heavy, and the shape of the vessel was not very regular. The glazed glass texture is not as good as the previous court, the glaze color is white with a slight green, and some glazes are gray and rough.
At that time, many literati painters and engravers were active in the Jiangnan region and the Xin'an area of Anhui Province, and a large number of paintings and engraving works influenced the ceramic artists in Jingdezhen. Blue and white porcelain uses a large number of various painting scores as blueprints and printmaking illustrations, with a large number of ** and opera stories, and the composition layout is obviously inherited from the Xin'an school.
The painting style is mainly freehand, the brushwork is weak, the painting is sloppy, and the layout is simple. There are a large number of stick figure freehand paintings, the lines are rough and bold, the painting method is mostly single-line flat painting, and the initial dyeing method is used to depict landscape figures, which is called"Mountain and stone dyeing water separation method"。This painting technique influenced the painting style of the early Qing Dynasty and gave birth to the Kangxi period"Blue and white are divided into five colors"Techniques.
Seven characteristics of tomorrow and Chongzhen porcelain.
1. Most of the device types are irregular. At this time, a Japanese-style shape appeared. When Chongzhen, the phenomenon of irregular shape is more prominent than that of the apocalypse, the general utensils, the carcass is heavy, the tire repair is rough, the bottom foot often has rotary knife marks and heavy scratch marks, and there are many sticky sand.
2. The tire quality is rough, and the refining is not refined. But the small utensils are still very fine and have a long history.
3. The degree of glaze brightness is significantly weakened, and the glaze is thin. When Chongzhen, the mouth of the vessel is generally applied with yellow sauce glaze.
4. There are four different shades of blue and white, among which the halo and black and gray ones are very different from the delicate and light tones. During the Chongzhen period, the blurring of blue and white tones and the phenomenon of glaze loss were even worse than during the apocalypse. It often makes the ornament blurred, and there are also brighter and brighter or similar to the apocalypse.
5. The ornamentation mostly reflects the Japanese style, such as fan pattern, ball pattern, etc. In addition, the prevailing style of inscription poems and couplets in the late Ming and early Qing dynasties was also expressed at this time. At this time, the popular bold and exaggerated freehand painting of reduced strokes was in stark contrast to the dense and scattered ornamental composition of Wanli.
6. The centripetal scraping marks and radial jumping knife marks can be seen on the feet. There are also small nipples similar to the bottom of the early Ming Dynasty, and there are more unglazed feet at this time, but there are sand grains. Most of them are fine white sand feet, the foot edge trimming is smooth and neat, and the carcass is more exposed. It formed the unique characteristics of the late Ming and early Qing dynasties, and provided a basis for the discontinuation of the dynasty.
7. The apocalypse utensils are less knowledgeable. It is generally written at the bottom of the device. The format is "Great Tomorrow Apocalypse Year". Chongzhen, from the point of view of the style, there are the official kiln of the book, there are also the official writing of the Ganzhi chronicle, in addition, there are also many random scribbles "Xuande", "Chenghua", "Jiajing" and other pseudo-support of the previous dynasty.
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