Incorrect brightness of rendered results in 3ds Max can be caused by a variety of factors, including scene lighting settings, material properties, renderer configurations, camera settings, environment settings, and more.
Here's a look at the factors that can affect the brightness of the rendering results, as well as how they work and how to adjust them.
How it works: The light sources in the scene directly affect the brightness of the rendered image. The type, intensity, color, position, and number of light sources all have an impact on the brightness of a scene.
Solution ideas
Check and adjust the intensity and distribution of the light source.
Make sure that the type of light source is appropriate for the scene (e.g. using IES light sources to simulate real light fixtures).
Use three-point lighting technology to balance the brightness and shadows of the scene.
How it works: Material properties of objects in the scene, such as reflectivity, diffuseness, specularity, and emissivity, all affect the brightness of the rendered result.
Solution ideas
Adjust the material's reflection and diffuse values to ensure that they reflect light correctly.
If you're using an emissive material, check to see if it's too strong or too low.
Make sure that the color values of the material do not exceed a reasonable brightness range.
How it works: Different renderers (e.g., Scanline, V-Ray, Arnold, etc.) have different rendering algorithms that handle light transmission and material interaction differently, which affects the final brightness.
Solution ideas
Adjust the rendering settings according to the characteristics of the selected renderer.
For the Global Illumination (GI) renderer, check the settings of the GI, such as precomputed brightness, subsurface scattering, etc.
Make sure the renderer's color mapping or tone mapping settings are correct to avoid overexposure or underexposure.
How it works: The settings of the virtual camera emulate the principles of a real-world camera, including aperture, shutter speed, and ISO, which affect the brightness of the rendered image.
Solution ideas
Adjust the virtual camera's values, such as aperture size and shutter speed.
Use camera controls, such as Physical Camera in 3ds Max, to simulate the adjustments of a real camera.
How it works: Ambient light and background settings can provide additional brightness or reflections to the scene, which can affect the rendering result.
Solution ideas
Adjust the intensity and color of the ambient light.
If you're using an HDRI image as an ambient background, check its brightness and impact on the scene.
How it works: The color depth and image format of the rendered output also affect the brightness performance of the final image.
Solution ideas
Make sure the render output is set to the correct color depth (e.g. 16-bit or 32-bit) to avoid loss of color information.
Choose the appropriate image format, such as EXR, to preserve high dynamic range information.
How it works: When adjustments are made to a rendered image in post-processing software, adjustments to brightness and contrast affect the final visual effect.
Solution ideas
Use post-processing software such as Photoshop or After Effects for color correction.
Adjust the brightness, contrast, and color levels to achieve the desired brightness effect.
In general, solving the brightness problem of 3ds Max rendering results requires a combination of factors.
In short, check that the lighting and material settings of the scene are correct, and then adjust the parameters according to the renderer you are using.
Then make sure that the camera settings capture the brightness of the scene correctly, and finally consider the brightness adjustment in post-processing.
By systematically checking and adjusting these factors, the problem of incorrect rendering brightness can be largely solved.
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