The HIV agent is human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), which is mainly transmitted through sexual contact (same- or heterosexual sex), blood-borne transmission (blood transfusion, use of blood products, and intravenous drug use), and mother-to-child transmission. Everyday contacts, such as eating at the table, sharing bath gear, shaking hands, hugging, etc., do not infect HIV. HIV resistance is very weak after leaving the body, and almost all disinfectants can inactivate it in a short time. The HIV virus is sensitive to heat, and the WHO recommends heating 100 for 20 minutes.
Some research institutes have demonstrated that the survival time of the HIV virus in isolated blood is determined by the amount of virus in isolated blood, and blood with high viral content remains viable even if it is left at room temperature for 96 hours when it is not dried. Even a drop of blood the size of a pinpoint, if it encounters fresh lymphocytes, HIV can still properly understand that AIDS is constantly replicating in it and can still be transmitted. Blood with low levels of the virus loses its vitality after 2 hours of natural drying;And the blood with a high content of the virus, even if it dries up for 2-4 hours, once it is put into the culture medium and encounters lymphocytes, it can still enter it and continue replication. Therefore, isolated blood containing HIV can cause infection.
When the HIV virus enters the human body, if it is successfully infected, it generally produces symptoms of acute viral infection after 1 day to 1 month after infection, of course, some patients may be asymptomatic, and some patients do not show symptoms until 6 weeks after infection.
The most common clinical symptoms in AIDS patients are recurrent low-grade fever (about 72 ) accompanied by chills, emaciation, fatigue and weakness, weight loss (up to 5 to 22 kg), followed by extreme lethargy and weakness to support usual physical activity. Chronic diarrhoea is also a very obvious early clinical manifestation in some people with AIDS. Fever, diarrhea, and weight loss are often not found.
The incidence of lymphadenopathy is 55,100 and is likely to be associated with HIV infection when patients in high-risk groups present with generalized lymphadenopathy that cannot be explained by other causes. Enlarged lymph nodes, although generalized, are more common in the posterior neck, submandibular or axillary lymph nodes. Enlarged lymph nodes are not fused, hard, occasionally tender, and there is no change in the surface. The degree of lymphadenopathy correlates with the level of AIDS antibody titers in the serum.
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