Zhang Weiying is a well-known economist and professor at the National School of Development of Peking University.
For more than 2,000 years, China has been an open officialdom and a closed shopping mall.
Starting from Qin Shi Huang's county system, all dynasties, except for the emperor, all official positions in ** are open to the public, as long as you have the ability and good luck, you can enter**.
In the Han Dynasty, the virtuous and filial piety were selected from the local government according to the proportion of the population and sent to the top for training. After the Sui and Tang dynasties, there was a formal imperial examination system, and a commoner's child, as long as he studied hard and took the exam, had the hope of becoming a minister or even a prime minister.
In contrast, since Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, many industrial and commercial activities have been monopolized and private operations are not allowedEven if allowed, there were many restrictions, and merchants were often plundered by the government.
This is different from Western countries, the West has long been an aristocracy, the political power is monopolized by the aristocracy, it is not open to the common people, the title of the nobility can only be inherited by the eldest son, and those below the eldest son have to fend for themselves, so the West has developed industrial cities and commercial cities.
There are no commercial cities in ChinaHistorically, cities in China have been political centers, not commercial centers. In China, the best option is to be an official, not a businessman. The status is high, and the discretion is large, so there are many opportunities for corruption.
In terms of social status, among the Shinong businessmen, the merchant has the lowest status, inferior to the peasantry, and his commercial interests are not effectively protected, and his assets are easily deprived. All in all, the comprehensive remuneration of ** is much greater than the comprehensive remuneration of businessmen, and the result is "learning and excellence".
Under such an incentive mechanism,For more than two thousand years, the best people have been drawn to the ** departmentThis is an important reason why Chinese society has been able to maintain great unification for a long time, and of course it is also an important reason why China has become backward in modern times.
Beginning in the 17th century, in England and then in a number of other European countries, the road to officialdom was opened, but the greater openness was the opening of industrial and commercial activities.
Especially in England, after the Glorious Revolution, a constitutional monarchy was introduced, the actions of the king and ** were restricted by legislation and justice, private property was effectively protected, patent laws were also implemented, and industrial and commercial activities became the most attractive industry, so that Britain became the world's factory.
And at the same time, in our ancient China, there was still an open officialdom and a closed shopping mall coexisting, and it was much more attractive to study and learn from business than to do businessPeople have made the enterprise bigger, and we have made the company bigger.
In fact, China is not short of entrepreneurial resources, the problem in China is that entrepreneurial resources have been misallocated, and people who could have been enterprises have become officials.
We know that the economy of many countries in Southeast Asia is dominated by Chinese enterprises, and Chinese people go abroad to engage in industry and commerce in other countries, and they dare to take risks, and they must have an entrepreneurial spirit in their bones.
Why do Chinese become good entrepreneurs after going abroad?The reason is simple, the politics of these countries are not open to the Chinese, while industrial and commercial activities are open. Those who are displaced to Southeast Asia cannot go to the ** department to be officials, and the only way for them to improve their status is to make money in business, and after making money, they will buy off the local dignitaries and nobles to protect themselves, so they will become successful entrepreneurs.
Similarly, Why is Jewish business talent so good?Because the Jews had lost their land and had no political status in any country, they could neither be officials nor buy land, and all they could do was do business, so the Jews became the most business-minded ethnic group in the world. If the Jews had a high political status in any country, they might not be in business and would have gone to the **.
**The reform and opening up initiated by the initiative is to improve the expected remuneration of entrepreneurs through internal opening and opening to the outside world, so that more and more people are willing to become entrepreneurs.
What changes have taken place in China over the past 40 years of reform and opening up?The most important thing is that the allocation of human resources has changed, and it can even be said that there has been a historic change.
Why is it historical?Because in the history of more than 2,000 years, the best talents have been concentrated in the best and have become officials;Over the past 40 years, more and more talented people have turned to the corporate world and to industrial and commercial activities. What has not been solved for more than two thousand years, is now solved.
The above is an excerpt from Professor Zhang Weiying's new book ".Re-understanding entrepreneurship. After many years, Professor Zhang Weiying's new book "Re-understanding Entrepreneurship" is finally on the market!Teacher Zhang Weiying sighed in the circle of friends that "it is not easy to write a book, and it is even more difficult to publish a book":
The night watchman of the free market", "Don Quixote of economics", "one of the few lamplighters in the world of thought"...
Anyone who is familiar with Mr. Zhang Weiying and his works will think that the above evaluation is well deserved. It is precisely because of Mr. Zhang Weiying's insight in the field of thought;insist on "speaking up for people who do not understand, or even openly criticize him";As well as his unique penetrating power and talent for empathetic language, his works have become long-selling books among bestsellers, and have been evaluated by book lovers as "every book is worth reading and cherishing".
On the road of many economists defecting to politics, Mr. Zhang Weiying still insists on telling the truth, tirelessly popularizing common sense of economics, and has deep thinking and insight into China's reality. In the face of more and more political correctness, economists like Zhang Weiying are becoming more and more rare, and with concise economic logic, we can see the unseen.
·“ "Perfect", a blend of theory and story
Professor Zhang Weiying is the first economist to study "entrepreneurship" in China, and this book is the culmination of his 40 years of focusing on "entrepreneurship". In terms of writing, this book blends theory and story, history and reality, so that readers can understand the profound truth in a relaxed reading.
Wang Dingding: It's very exciting, it can be called a "perfect work". When Wei Ying returned to the China Center for Economic Research, which he co-founded, now the National School of Development at Peking University, he had more opportunities to interact closely with me and several older professors. Through these personal interactions, I realized that Weiying always carries the atmosphere of the Loess Plateau.
Zhu Hai:This book not only has basic theories, but also applies the idea of "entrepreneurship" to specific economic issues, such as anti-monopoly, industrial policy, innovation issues, etc., and these applications are very exciting. The book also uses a large number of vivid examples to illustrate entrepreneurship, which makes it feel very real, which is also what makes it shine.
Feng Lun:Professor Zhang Weiying's book analyzes the institutional, policy, financial and conceptual factors that restrict entrepreneurshipVery systematic, very comprehensive, good-looking and "delicious"., it is worth reading for entrepreneurs and entrepreneurs, and it is also worth reading for all levels.
Wang Zimu:The book is fascinating,Read and read and enter the story. It's like the author sitting in front of you and talking to you, telling you about things that happened around you without thinking deeply. I didn't stop reading the book in one sitting after I got it.
Yao Yang:Teacher Wei Ying's text is concise and conciseThere are often aphorismsIt was a pleasure to read his books.
Zhou Lian:Teacher Zhang Weiying's book, it is no exaggeration to say that I have underlined a lot on almost every page.
Signed private version, exclusive debut on the whole network
This book is not only the crystallization of Mr. Zhang's 40 years of thinking, but also his own evaluation as "especially suitable for the current China". The more people who read this book, the more hope we have for the future. In particular, we won some autographed versions from Mr. ZhangThe number is very limited, while stocks lastClick on the product card below to collect it with one click.