The anti-Japanese national united front is the line and strategy formulated by the Communist Party of China to unite all anti-Japanese forces of all nationalities in the country and defeat the Japanese aggressors. The anti-Japanese national united front was initially formed in 1936 after the second cooperation between the Kuomintang and the Communist Party after the Double Twelfth Incident (Xi'an Incident) when Japan launched the war of aggression against China, which caused the loss of a large area of China's land, the crisis of North China and the crisis of the Chinese nation. After the "Lugou Bridge Incident" in 1937, the National War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression finally broke out, and the united front was joined not only by peasants, workers, revolutionary intellectuals, urban petty bourgeoisie, and national bourgeoisie, but also by all political forces except traitors, big landlords, and big bourgeois capitulationists. In 1937, when the Workers' and Peasants' Red Army was reorganized into the Eighth Route Army and the New Fourth Army, the anti-Japanese national united front was formally formed. On September 22, 1937, the Kuomintang News Agency issued the "Declaration of the Communist Party of China for the Promulgation of the Cooperation between the Kuomintang and the Communist Party". On the 23rd, Chiang Kai-shek made a speech that actually recognized the legal status of the Communist Party. The "Declaration" of the Communist Party of China and the speech of Chiang Kai-shek marked the formal formation of the anti-Japanese national united front of the second cooperation between the Kuomintang and the Communist Party.
The basic content of the anti-Japanese national united front is: The military and civilians in the anti-Japanese base areas under the leadership of the Communist Party of China and other patriotic forces throughout the country on the battlefield behind enemy lines under the leadership of the Communist Party of China have extensively united and begun to organize various forms of the anti-Japanese democratic united front (such as the political power, the army, and various united front organizations) in order to wage a desperate struggle against Japanese imperialism and its lackeys under the banner of anti-Japanese and anti-traitor thieves. The task of consolidating and expanding the anti-Japanese national united front is to uphold the unity of the anti-Japanese national united front and consolidate the base areas and political power that have already been establishedAdopt a protracted war policy militarily and strive for the realization of internal peace;Politically, we should adopt a democratic policy and consolidate and develop the united frontIdeologically, it is necessary to overcome the erroneous tendency of one-sided resistance and compromise and surrender.
In the anti-Japanese national united front, there are differences and contradictions between different classes, different parties, and different lines of resistance against Japan. Due to differences in class and political standpoints, it is inevitable that there will be various complex contradictions and struggles within the united front. In particular, the pro-Japanese faction and traitor clique of the big landlords and big bourgeoisie did everything possible to sabotage the anti-Japanese national united front and collude with the Japanese aggressors to attack the people's army and the anti-Japanese base areas. Therefore, the CPC must correctly understand and properly handle all kinds of contradictions within the united front. When dealing with the internal contradictions of the united front, it is necessary to distinguish between the priority and urgency of the class contradictions. Only when the class contradiction is no longer the main contradiction, and the unanimity of the foreign party, the resistance to aggression, and the defense of the motherland have become the common demands of all classes, political parties, armies, and people from all walks of life, will it be possible to establish a broad anti-Japanese national united front.
The main tasks of the anti-Japanese national united front are: First, to persist in the protracted war of resistanceThe second is to strive for internal peace;Third, it is necessary to consolidate and develop the united frontFourth, intensify the struggle against traitors and thieves;Fifth, promote social progress.
The characteristics of the anti-Japanese national united front are as follows: First, it has a broad national characterSecond, it has a unique duality;Third, it has tremendous development.
The principles and policies of the Communist Party of China on the establishment of the anti-Japanese national united front and its major influence on the course of the Chinese revolution are all in-depth understanding and mastery of the anti-Japanese national united front. Correctly handling the contradictions and struggles between the nation and the class, as well as the struggle between the two fronts within the party, are of great importance to the consolidation and development of the national united front against Japan. Therefore, it is necessary and beneficial to correctly understand and handle all kinds of contradictions and struggles within the anti-Japanese national united front. Only by adhering to the basic principle of uniting in the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression and properly handling the relations between all classes, political parties, and armies in the country, as well as the struggle against the Japanese aggressors and traitors and thieves, can we maintain and develop the anti-Japanese national united front.