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When I used to go to school, the teacher gave an exampleThe story of the porridge
The story is about a group of people who live together and share a large bucket of porridge every day.
At first, they decided to draw lots, and the winner would divide the porridge.
So, those who are lucky give themselves as much porridge as possible, and those who are unlucky go hungry every day.
People who are unlucky are unhappy and feel that it is not fair.
The crowd decides,Choose the person with the best moral character to divide the porridgeLet him try to divide each bowl evenly
This virtuous man was really conscientious at first, trying to divide the porridge as evenly as possible. But after a long time, no one supervised, and the noble person slowly became greedy, and each time he gave more to himself and those who flattered him, and less to those who he was not used to.
Gradually, it became the first case, even if it was another person, the result was the same.
A wise man suggested that one more overseer should be elected to oversee the person who distributed the porridge.
At first, it was fine, but after a few days, the porridge distributor and the supervisor colluded, and the two partnered to "** a lot of porridge."
It was decided to increase the number of people - to set up a three-member porridge distribution committee and a four-member supervisory committee.
This is indeed fair to divide the porridge, but every time the porridge is divided, the porridge distribution committee and the supervisory committee have to attack each other, and when the results of the discussion come out, the porridge is cold.
In this way, this plan was rejected again.
In the end, after many discussions, they decided that each person would take turns to be the porridge divider for one day, and the porridge divider would wait for others to finish picking and take the last bowl left.
This time, the amount of porridge per person per day was almost even.
Because the porridge is artificially not allowed to belong to the last bowl of oneself the least, it is necessary to divide it as evenly as possible, and if it is less, the least bowl must be one's own.
The teacher gave this example and said a lot of conclusions, but I didn't listen to them.
When I got a little richer and read the story again, I suddenly realized a problem."Choose people of good character to divide the porridge"Just China".EtiquetteDistribute social resources to virtuous people, and let virtuous people be the "rulers" of society.
Now there is another question.
Human society, whether it is Europe, Asia or even Africa, from a materialist point of view, will experience a "primitive society" with the most significant characteristics of primitive societySocial resources are evenly distributed。That is, human society is common, so why did it develop later, China has walked in feudalism for nearly 2,000 years, and why can Western society come out?
Awareness of "people".
Personal experience is not enough, and the answer I can think of at this stage is Chinese and Western culture".Awareness of "people"."It's different.
The definition of a human being in Western economics is:An entity that conducts economic activities for the sole purpose of pursuing material gainsPeople want to get the most out of what they give as little as possible, and they will do whatever it takes to do so
Translated, it is recognized by Western culture".Man is selfishJust like the person who divides the porridge in the example, he will definitely do whatever it takes to divide the most porridge for himself.
That is, Western culture recognizes, and allows".People can be bad, they can be **, and they cannot be changedAnd "** selfish" and other qualities are possessed by human beings, they are".Neutral words", not a "derogatory term".
Especially".Immutable"This one.
Comparing Chinese and Western gods, especially the gods in "Greek mythology", the ancient Greek "gods" do not seem to be "gods" in the eyes of Chinese, but like "demons", doing bad things.
When Westerners admit that "people are selfish", it means that Westerners do not believe that "people with high moral character will divide porridge equally".
Since we do not believe that "people may share porridge equally", we must use it".systemwithLawsThis is the source of the Western "legal system" or "law".
The core of Western law is "".Checks and balancesThe law is established to "check and balance" other people or organizations, which is the "legal society" in the West.
Thinking of this, I have to mention the Qin Dynasty".Rule of lawIt is for the rulers. The "law" of Legalism is not the same thing as the "law" of checks and balances.
On the Chinese side, it's more complicated.
Chinese".Not admitted"Human nature is "selfish", or people are not allowed to be selfish, and the Chinese recognize it".Human nature can be changed”。It can also be said that "selfishness" is a derogatory term in the eyes of the Chinese, and there can be no "selfishness" in human nature, and "selfishness" should be punished by society.
But it is possible for a "selfish" person to be transformed into a "non-selfish", i.e., human nature can be changed.
The core of The Lord of the Rings is; That is, a bad person is always a bad person, a bad person is a bad person from birth, he will never become a good person, and the same is true for good people。This is also the underlying logic of Western culture.
Chinese culture is exquisite".One thought becomes a Buddha, and one thought becomes a demonGood people and bad people can be transformed, no one is born good, and no one is born bad.
These two concepts are difficult to distinguish between good and bad, and it is important to understand them.
That is, "who" defines the good or bad of "people".
"Good guys" and "bad guys" are defined by "who", and Westerners believe that they are defined by "God", and God gives people different personalities that cannot be changed.
The Chinese define the roles of "good people" and "bad people" as "morality", or "morality" in the hands of rulers. When the Zhou Dynasty was created, "the integration of politics and religion" firmly controlled the "divine power" under the "political power", so the emperors of the past dynasties called themselves "the Son of Heaven", that is, "the spokesman of God in the world", and they could define the good and bad of "people".
Here's an example.
It's been hot lately."The lawyer was hammered"Incident, because the lawyer helped the developer of the unfinished building to fight a lawsuit, the person who bought the unfinished building thought that the lawyer was ** and smashed him with a hammer on the road.
This matter, everyone especially agrees with the people of the unfinished building. I won't make a conclusion on this matter, but I'll talk about the logic of the "two people" behind it.
The beater thinks that the lawyer helps the "bad guy", so the lawyer is also the bad guy and should be beaten. This is the logic that everyone recognizes, and it is also the logic of Chinese culture.
Western culture recognizes the evildoer, but the wicked and the good are defined by God, and what a lawyer can do is not and cannot "define" a person's good or bad, but to find out what "this person" does, which has nothing to do with good people and bad people, only about good things and bad things.
If lawyers can "define" the quality of people, it is equivalent to giving "the right to rule" to lawyers, which is contrary to Western culture.
If I don't have enough personal ability, I can only think of this. As for the internal gene that says that China followed the "rule of etiquette" from there, this gene may have sprouted in ancient times, and then in the Xia, Shang and Zhou dynasties.