Recently,Zhang Xuefeng said that liberal arts are all service industriesThe topic sparked heated discussions on the whole network.
Under the topic, there are those who oppose it, and those who agree.
Actually, as this netizen said:Every industry is a service industry.
The difference is only the difference in the service object.
Some are face-to-face for patients and tourists, while others are for society and for the country.
And today, we are going to introduce this major, that is:Ethnology in the service of the harmonious and unified development of all mankind.
The term "ethnology" originated in Greece. It is said that it was because the Western aristocracy at that time wanted to understand the folk customs of other places, so they invited people to visit various places to understand, and the first "ethnology" was born. Because it was originally only for nobles to learn Xi, it was also called "aristocratic major".
The "nation" it refers to is not what we call the Han and ethnic minorities in daily life, butRefers to the people of all nationalities around the world.
The major of ethnology is to take "ethnicity" as the research object and study the basic theoretical knowledge of ethnology, sociology, history and other aspectsIt mainly studies the Xi customs, habits, institutions, beliefs, languages and cultures of various ethnic groups, and uses the methods, concepts and materials of archaeology, ethnography, folklore and linguistics to describe and analyze different ethnic groups around the world.
Seeing such a wide range of research, rich research content, and a variety of research methods, it is possible to expect that the undergraduate course of ethnology focuses on one:It's a lot and it's miscellaneous.
The curriculum of ethnology can be roughly divided into five categories.
The first is ideological and political theory, advanced mathematics, sports, computers, etcPublic courses。This category, needless to say, everyone who understands it understands.
After that, yesIntroductory courses。This type of course is mainly to lay the foundation for subsequent professional courses.
Introductory courses include Introduction to Ethnology, Introduction to Sociology, Introduction to Archaeology, and Introduction to Folklore.
These contents will basically be learned in the first year, and then you will be exposed to themAnthropologically related content
For example: the history of Western anthropology;Contemporary anthropological theories;Ethnological Anthropology;Political Anthropology;Anthropology of Religion;Physical Anthropology;Linguistic anthropology;Economic anthropology and more.
In addition to that, you have to learn XiEthnic-related courses, such as Chinese ethnography, world ethnography, Chinese ethnic history, ethnic politics, ethnic economics, ethnic theory and ethnic policy, etc.
Finally, there are other types of courses. For example, geography, ecology, archaeology, history, linguistics, sociology, psychology, religion, etc.
These courses will run through the three academic years of the first year to the third year of the Ethnology major.
The difficulty of these courses is that students need to have very strong reading, comprehension and memorization skills.
Because ethnology involves so much content, the textbooks and classrooms cannot carry all of themTherefore, outside of the classroom, students are also required to do a lot of extracurricular reading. Some of it is certainly interestingHowever, when it comes to the theoretical part, it is quite difficult to read.
Secondly, in daily life, people understand and see things based on their past education and the cultural background of the region where they live. Ethnology, on the other hand, takes everyone's eyes to a higher level, allowing students to look at problems from different countries and different cultures. How to face the impact of different cultures and look at the problems existing in the world from a higher perspective is also the difficulty of ethnology.
In addition to cultural classes, ethnology also has some practical teaching, such as visits, social surveys, social welfare activities, and fieldwork.
According to the course requirements, major in EthnologyAt least one three-month fieldwork is to be conducted.
Fieldwork, on the other hand, means a lot of preparation before departure: collecting, organizing, and reading a lot of relevant information.
Carry out a variety of thematic surveys in the field, i.e., constantly ask questions, record and organize questions. Then stay up late writing field notes and drawing up an outline and plan for the next day's investigation.
After that, the theme is determined, the direction of the investigation is supplemented, and the data collection is continued and the field report and field Xi summary are written.
The main one is one"Busy".
Because the content of Xi at the undergraduate level is too broad and shallow, it is difficult to find a job.
However, it is precisely because of the wide range of professional courses that graduates can take a certain discipline as the core point to find the right job.
For example, many majors have to learn Xi computer, so you can choose to transcode farmers when you are employed.
But ethnology differs from them in what isThe content studied in ethnology has high professional barriers, and it is difficult to change careers;Although computers are also needed for statistics, analysis, etc., the content learned is not enough to work across industries and fields. Moreover, the content of ethnology is too niche, and most enterprises and institutions have no demand for this major.
The combination of various reasons has created an embarrassing situation in which ethnologists have few employment choices.
But it has to be said that although there are few options,However, the professions and industries that ethnology can engage in are basically dedicated to the inheritance of national culture.
For example, I am engaged in work related to the protection of cultural heritage.
Graduates majoring in ethnology can be engaged in cultural heritage protection, exhibition planning, cultural relics management and other work in cultural heritage institutions, museums, libraries and other institutions. This work not only allows them to make use of what they have learned, but also protects and passes on the cultural heritage of various peoples.
Because the major of ethnology has high requirements for students' communication and exchange skills, and students also have an understanding of the cultures of different countriesTherefore, graduates of ethnology can also engage in ethnic and culture-related project planning, cross-cultural communication and human rights protection in international organizations and non-** organizations.
If you want to enter colleges and universities, students of ethnology can also participate in public affairs and then enter the party and government organs at all levels of ethnicity, religion, civil affairs, overseas Chinese affairs, tourism, cultural relics, museums and other departments to engage in administrative management and material compilation.
However, it needs to be reminded that the demand for ** jobs is small, and the number of graduates is relatively large, so the competition for jobs is also large.
And in terms of universities,Because there are almost no corresponding teacher positions in primary and secondary schools, and they can only be employed in high schools and universities, the positions have higher requirements for academic qualifications, and generally require a master's degree or above.
Data**: Excellent volunteers.
In addition,Graduates of ethnology can also enter the ** and media industry, engaged in cultural reporting, cross-cultural communication publicity and promotion, and use what they have learned to popularize the knowledge of ethnology to the public.
Overall,The range of career choices for ethnology majors is indeed small, and the starting salaries of most positions are also low, but there is still some room for growth.
If you want to continue your studies after graduating from your bachelor's degree, you can consider ethnology, anthropology, law (non-law), and culture and museums.
Due to the unpopularity of majors, there is less competitive pressure for graduate school entrance examinations. Whether it is to enhance employment competitiveness, increase academic ability or pave the way for future career changes, postgraduate entrance examination is a better choice.
Ethnology is constantly evolving.
In 2004, Yang Shengmin, a professor at the School of Ethnology and Sociology, ** Minzu UniversityFor the first time, the brainwave psychological testing technology was used in the fieldwork of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, creating a precedent for the cross-integration of traditional ethnological research methods and experimental psychological research methods.
This has opened people's eyes to more possibilities for the cross-integration of ethnology with other disciplines.
In recent years, many scholars have called for the promotionCross-integration of ethnology。The state has also continued to promulgate policies to promote the implementation of new liberal arts.
It is believed that with the efforts of various aspects, ethnology will soon find more development directions, and the employment pressure of ethnology graduates will be gradually reduced.
Some people say that a niche, unpopular and hard-to-find profession like ethnology should not exist.
But actually,The significance of the existence of ethnology is far beyond people's imagination.
As we have said earlier, ethnology originated in ancient Greek and became an independent discipline in the nineteenth century.
The historical books and travelogues of the past dynasties in the West have recorded many descriptions of the state of the nation. However, the richness of ethnological materials in the history of our country is unparalleled in the world.
From oracle bone inscriptions, the Classic of Mountains and Seas, and the Records of the Historians to the local chronicles and genealogies of the past dynasties, to the travelogues, notes of the literati, and ethnological materials in the classics of ethnic minority languagesThese contents are all treasures of national culture that are worth protecting and excavating.
Due to the needs of the state, after ethnology was introduced to China, the main study was the ethnic minorities in China.
This is because before liberation, the various nationalities in our country were not completely equal.
During the feudal period, some ethnic minorities were regarded as "outsiders" and did not even receive the treatment of normal people. Even in the first period, some ethnic minorities are still inferior.
After the founding of the People's Republic of China, the state put forward a program for ethnic equality and unity, and formulated a policy of regional self-control in areas inhabited by ethnic minorities.
However, at that time, people's understanding of ethnic minorities was far from meeting the needs of the development of the situation, and their understanding of the economic, political, and cultural conditions of various ethnic groups was not deep enough.
Therefore, we have sent a visiting delegation to conduct ethnic investigation and research, enhance our understanding of the situation of ethnic minorities, and pave the way for the future development of ethnic minorities.
The purpose of this stage of research is to serve the reunification of the motherland, the unity of the nation, and the fundamental interests of the people of all nationalities throughout the country.
Nowadays, with the more and more frequent exchanges between the people of all ethnic groups in our country and the people of all countries in the worldThe research scope of ethnology in China is also gradually expanding, and it has begun to study various ethnic groups in the world.
Because of the existence of ethnology, people have begun to understand and respect the cultural differences behind different ethnic minorities, jump out of the original thinking framework, see the larger world, and see the development process and culture behind different ethnic groups.
Then the barriers are bridgedWork together for the future development of mankind.
Ethnology is not just for the coexistence of several peoples, but for the future of all mankind.
Putting aside the contribution of ethnology to the country and to the world, let's talk about what it brings to the individual.
Someone once asked what it was like to study ethnology.
Here are two highly praised answers.
One said: I chose this major not for employment, but for love. ”
Life is short, it is better to do good deeds than to be afraid of the head, and do not ask about the future. ”
The other said: It's just a profession and can't change your life. ”
Not everyone has the courage to choose a major in this way, because everyone is under different pressures.
We may not be able to choose what kind of family we are born in, what kind of world and life we face, but we can choose the attitude of facing life and stress.
And ethnology, or a lot of it is called"Unpopular", "niche", "difficult to employ".What the liberal arts major does is to bring students a broader horizon.
So that they can make their own optimal solution when facing life's multiple choice questions.
And they, perhaps, will one day help people rediscover themselves and move towards a broader future.
References: 1. China Social Science Net: New Liberal ArtsEthnology and interdisciplinary development from the perspective of the new liberal arts.
2. Ethnology and Anthropology: [Academic Links] Why should ethnological research be carried out?
3. Society of Anthropology: Lin Yaohua |What is Ethnology.
4. Zhihu: What is the experience of studying ethnology?