1. What is confined space operation?
All equipment, facilities and places with poor ventilation that are easy to cause the accumulation of toxic and harmful gases and lack of oxygen are called confined spaces (spaces where operations are restricted), and operations in confined spaces are called confined space operations. Confined space operations involve a wide range of fields, many industries, complex operating environments, many dangerous and harmful factors, and are prone to safety accidents and serious consequencesIt is difficult to rescue operators in distress, and blind rescue or improper rescue methods are easy to cause expansion.
2. Basic requirements for confined space operations
1. Personnel engaged in confined space operations must undergo health examination and safety production training, and pass the assessment.
2. Specialized personnel should be arranged to carry out on-site safety management for operations in dangerous workplaces in confined spaces to ensure compliance with operating procedures and the implementation of safety measures.
3. Before each operation, an emergency rescue plan must be formulated and safety technology must be disclosed.
4. To enter the confined space, you need to apply for the "Confined Space Operation Permit".
5. The entrances and exits of confined spaces should be kept unobstructed, and obvious safety warning signs should be set upDuring the interruption of the operation, necessary warning or isolation measures should be taken to prevent personnel from entering by mistake.
6. Every time people enter and exit the restricted space, they must be counted and registered.
7. The tools and materials brought into the confined space should be registered, and the inventory should be counted after the operation is completed to prevent them from being left in the confined space.
3. Safety requirements before operation
1. Ventilation requirements. Ventilation shall be maintained in the confined space to ensure air circulation and the breathing needs of personnel, and it is strictly forbidden to introduce pure oxygen to the confined spaceForced ventilation measures should be taken when painting or spraying or using flammable solvents for cleaning in a confined space that may emit flammable gases and flammable liquidsBefore entering the equipment, trenches, wells, troughs and other confined spaces that are prone to accumulating flammable, toxic and asphyxiating gases, gas replacement such as purging and ventilation should be carried out first.
2. Monitoring requirements. Before entering the confined space operation, the gas detection should be carried out in accordance with the requirements of the operation permit or safety work plan, and the operation can only be carried out after passing the operationThe time of entering the confined space should not exceed 30 minutes from the time of gas detection. If the operation has not started for more than 30 minutes, the test shall be re-conducted;The oxygen concentration should be maintained at 195%～23.5%。When using a portable combustible gas alarm or other similar means for analysis, the measured concentration of combustible gas or combustible liquid vapor should be less than 10% (lel) of the lower limit of its mixing with air**, and the two devices should be used for comparative detection;The concentration of toxic and harmful gases shall meet the requirements of relevant national regulations;Gas detection equipment must be tested and qualified by a qualified unit, and should be inspected before each use to confirm that it is in a normal state. Gas sampling and testing should be performed by trained and qualified personnel, sampling should be representative, and sampling points should include the top, middle, and bottom of confined spaces. The detection sequence should be oxygen content, flammable and explosive gas concentration, toxic and harmful gas concentration;During the operation of entering the confined space, gas monitoring shall be carried out according to the frequency specified in the operation permit or safety work plan, and the monitoring time and results shall be recorded, and the operation shall be stopped immediately when the results are unqualified;Continuous monitoring should be preferred, and the interval should not exceed 2 hours if intermittent monitoring is used.
Fourth, the safety requirements in the operation
1. Personal protection requirements. When working in a confined space with lack of oxygen or toxicity, an isolation protective mask should be worn, and the operator should be tied to a lifeline if necessaryWhen working in a confined space that is flammable and explosive, anti-static work clothes and work shoes should be wornWhen working in a confined space with corrosive media such as acid and alkali, you should wear anti-acid and alkali overalls, work shoes, gloves and other protective productsWhen working in confined spaces where noise is generated, wear noise protection such as earplugs or earmuffs.
2. Lighting and electricity requirements. There should be adequate lighting in confined spaces;The lighting voltage used in confined spaces should be less than or equal to 36V, and the operating voltage in wet containers and narrow containers should be less than or equal to 12VHand-held power tools, etc., shall have leakage protection devices;All electrical wiring is well insulated;Disconnect the confined space from other energy sources by removing the power supply, air source, lockout, tagout, etcWork in containers containing flammable and explosive gases, liquids and other media;The tools, electrical equipment, and lighting fixtures used should meet the explosion-proof requirements.
3. Guardianship requirements. When entering a confined space, a special person shall be appointed to supervise the operation, and shall not operate without a guardian;Operators and guardians shall have clear contact information with each other and always maintain effective communication;When entering a particularly small space, the operator should wear a safe and reliable protective rope, and use the protective rope to communicate with the guardians;If the operation in the confined space is interrupted for more than 30 minutes, the operator and the operation guardian shall reconfirm the safety conditions before continuing the operation.
5. Safety requirements after operation
When the operator leaves the confined space operation point, he should take the work tools out;After the operation, the inside and outside of the confined space should be inspected to confirm that there are no problems before closing the confined space.
6. Emergency requirements
In the event of an emergency, it is strictly forbidden to blindly rescue. When it is necessary to enter the confined space for rescue, the contact method between the guardian and the rescuer shall be clarified, and the rescuer shall be trained to have the rescue ability suitable for the operation risk, and ensure that the rescue is carried out under the premise of correctly wearing personal protective equipment and using rescue equipment;If you find that the situation is abnormal or you feel uncomfortable and have difficulty breathing during the operation, you should immediately send a signal to the safety guardian to quickly evacuate the site, and after processing and meeting the safe construction conditions, you need to apply for a new permit before entering.
Seventh, the implementation of the "three do not enter".
No entry without a permit to work in confined spaces;Guardians do not enter if they are not present;If security measures are not implemented, no entry will be made.
8. Implement the "five musts and five strict prohibitions".
The operation approval system must be strictly implemented, and it is strictly forbidden to enter the limited space without authorizationIt is necessary to achieve "ventilation first, then testing, and then operation", and it is strictly forbidden to ventilate and test unqualified operationsIt must be equipped with personal protective equipment such as anti-poisoning and suffocation, set up safety warning signs, and it is strictly forbidden to operate without protective and guardianship measuresSafety training must be carried out for operators, and it is strictly forbidden to work on unqualified jobs with education and trainingEmergency measures must be formulated, emergency equipment must be equipped on site, and blind rescue is strictly prohibited.
Work in confined spaces