From November 22nd to 23rd, entrusted by the Planting Industry Management Department of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, the National Agricultural Technology Center organized the third batch of agricultural industry standards (planting seeds) review meeting in Beijing in 2023 to review 20 standards such as the "Technical Regulations for Corn-Soybean Rotation Production in Northeast China". Wei Qiwen, director of the National Agricultural Technology Center, and Feng Yan, a first-level researcher of the Planting Industry Management Department of the Ministry, attended the meeting and delivered speeches.
At the meeting, the review experts carefully reviewed the text and related materials of the standard draft for review in accordance with the relevant requirements of the agricultural industry standards, from the aspects of text content compliance, scientific technical indicators, standardization of format and practicability, etc., and put forward amendments and review conclusions through inquiry and discussion. After the review of the expert group, all 20 standards passed the review, involving the production, testing and resistance identification of crops such as grain, oilseeds, cotton, vegetables, fruits, flowers, Chinese medicinal materials and other technical fields.
In order to do a good job in the technical review and improve the quality of the standard text, the formal review of the standard submitted for review was carried out in the early stageExperts will be invited to carry out pre-review to determine the list of standards for the meeting, and some standards will be postponed due to problems such as unreasonable text framework, lack of data support for main technical indicators, and failure to carry out relevant verification as requiredOrganize and carry out pre-conference training, and use the standard for review as an example to guide the drafters to further revise and improve the standard review materials, which has laid a good foundation for the successful completion of the standard technical review task.
Cropping is one of the main components of agriculture. A social production sector that uses the living functions of plants to obtain food, non-staple foods, feed and industrial raw materials through artificial cultivation. It includes the cultivation of various crops, forest trees, fruit trees, medicinal and ornamental plants. There are grain crops, cash crops, vegetable crops, green manure crops, fodder crops, pastures, flowers and other horticultural crops. In China, it usually refers to the production of grain, cotton, oil, sugar, hemp, silk, tobacco, tea, fruit, medicine, miscellaneous and other crops. It also refers to agriculture in the narrow sense, also known as crop cultivation. Usually refers to the agricultural production sector that cultivates crops for plant-based products. In China, crop farming, together with forestry, animal husbandry, sideline farming and fishery, is agriculture in a broad sense. In foreign countries, crop farming is generally combined with animal husbandry and is collectively referred to as agriculture.
In-depth investigation of the development status of the planting industry
With the acceleration of the pace of transformation and structural adjustment, China's planting industry has not only achieved stable production and structural optimization, but also made great strides on the road of improving quality and efficiency.
In 2022, China's grain output will hit a record high, the expansion of soybean oil crops will achieve initial results, and the soybean area will hit the highest in more than 60 years. Our "grain bags" and "oil bottles" are not only stable to carry, but also fragrant. Guided by market demand, all localities vigorously develop high-quality edible rice and regenerated rice, high-quality strong gluten and weak gluten wheat, high-lysine corn, high-protein soybeans, and "double high and double low" rapeseed.
Cultivated land rotation and fallow have been further promoted, and the implementation area has been expanded to more than 69 million mu, focusing on corn-soybean and wheat-soybean rotation in Northeast China, and moderately carrying out water to drought and rice to soybean in the Sanjiang PlainCarry out rice-rice-oil and rice-oil rotation in the southern rice-producing areas, and expand winter oilseed rape;In the Huanghuaihai and southwest regions, expand soybean and corn strip compound planting. Adjust and optimize the crop planting structure and regional layout, implement the inter-set mixed planting mode according to local conditions, promote the combination of land use and land cultivation, the coordination of production and ecology, and the initial formation of a green planting system.
In 2022, the proportion of high-quality special wheat in the country will reach 385%, an increase of 1 over the previous year2 percentage points, the area of regenerated rice is nearly 15 million mu, a steady increase over the previous year. More and more domestic high-quality grain and oil are "flying" from the fields to the tables of ordinary people.
Planting is the basic industry of agriculture and rural economy, and it is a strategic industry to ensure the effective supply of grain and other important agricultural products. At present, the number of small peasant households in China accounts for more than 95 percent of the main body of agricultural operations, the number of employees accounts for about 90 percent of the agricultural employees, and the area of cultivated land under operation accounts for about 70 percent of the total cultivated area. However, in China's per capita income, the proportion of income from planting industry accounts for only about 30%.
For a long time, there has been a conspicuous contradiction between the large number of people and the lack of land in our country. One acre and three points of land per capita is 1 3 of the world average, far behind Australia, Canada, Russia, the United States, Brazil and France. 2300 million rural households, with an average operating scale of 78 acres, and the number of farmers operating less than 10 acres of cultivated land is as high as 2100 million households, that is, no more than 10 acres of land per household, is roughly equivalent to 1 4 in the European Union and 1 percent in the United States. In recent years, driven by policies and the market, the speed of land circulation has accelerated significantly, but the fact that the per capita cultivated land is too small has not changed.
In the next 30 years, China's total population will experience zero growth and negative growth, and the urbanization rate will continue to increase. It is estimated that by 2035, China's total population will remain at about 1.4 billion, and the urbanization rate will exceed 70%;By 2050, China's total population will be about 1.3 billion, and the urbanization rate will reach 80%.
According to the experience of Japan and South Korea and the Chinese Academy of Engineering's "China's 2050 Strategic Research and Development Roadmap for Modern Smart Ecological Agriculture", the proportion of China's total agricultural output value and agricultural employment in 2050 will increase from 7 in 20207% and 236%, down to 3., respectively2% and 43%, the agricultural labor force will decrease from 177.15 million in 2020 to 32.6 million in 2050 (including about 29.3 million in the planting industry), and the difference in labor productivity between agriculture and industrial services will gradually be eliminated (1 11) The income of workers and peasants has converged. The quality of peasants has been greatly improved, and engaging in agricultural production will become a decent occupation.
In the future, the development of China's planting industry will face huge challenges. On the one hand, there is a long way to go to improve the overall quality of farmers, and among China's agricultural workers, college education or above accounts for 1%, far lower than 6% in Japan, 24% in Germany, and 34% in the United States. On the other hand, small farmers face market risks and policy risks in the development of high-value agriculture, and their enthusiasm for growing grain is low, so it is difficult to improve the income guarantee mechanism of grain farmers and solve the contradiction of "non-agricultural and non-grain" cultivated land.
In recent years, with the development of the Internet and e-commerce, the model of "e-commerce + agricultural products" has gradually become popular, and the rapid concentration of "small farmer economy" has been realized through new e-commerce.
The 14th Five-Year Plan for the Development of the National Planting Industry proposes that by 2025, significant progress will be made in the modernization of the national planting industry, the supply guarantee capacity of grain and other important agricultural products will be significantly improved, the supply of green and high-quality agricultural products will be significantly increased, the green transformation of production methods will make significant progress, and the quality, efficiency and competitiveness of the planting industry will continue to be enhanced.