When it comes to Chinese literary masterpieces, people are familiar with "Dream of Red Mansions", "Water Margin", "Romance of the Three Kingdoms" and "Strange Tales from Liao Zhai". However, we rarely hear praise about "The Outer History of Confucianism" and "Strange Tales from Liao Zhai". This is not because they are not good enough, on the contrary, these two works are comparable to the four great masterpieces in literature and art, and they can be regarded as the treasures of the classics.
In the 80s, the "Red Flag Magazine" publishing house published the article "Typical Theory of Adhering to Marxism", which formally established the concept of the "Four Great Masterpieces", but before that, China had been controversial, and some people even proposed that it should be expanded to the "Six Great Masterpieces", including "Strange Tales of Liao Zhai" and "Confucianism". However, the 1982 article quelled the controversy, and the two books were unfortunately omitted.
The Outer History of Confucianism: The Picture of the Sad and Joyful Life of the World
The Outer History of Confucianism hits the nail on the head to portray the social degeneration under the imperial examination system. The author Wu Jingzi, represented by "Fan Jinzhongju", profoundly criticized the tragedy of scholars falling into the abyss for fame. Fan Jin is like a representative of the scholars who were devastated by the Baguwen in the late Qing Dynasty, and the author himself was a failed candidate, and he observed through the curtain of the examination room that the students lost their souls under the oppression of the Baguwen, like the walking dead.
Wu Jingzi not only depicts personal tragedy, but also reveals the corruption of the whole society through characters such as Fan Jin. Under the framework of this decadent and dark society, people are inevitably forced by fate and rules to go crazy and degenerate. **The wonderful satirical technique in the is not directly invective, but by describing the behavior of the characters, which makes people feel ridiculous and lamentable. Fan Jin and others ignored real knowledge, but rose to the ruling class with the help of Bagu Wen, which is a vivid embodiment of the collapse of traditional cultural morality.
Strange Tales of Liaozhai: The Human State in the Legend of Ghosts].
Strange Tales is more well-known than The Outer History of Confucianism, and it is also a satire of the old society. The author Pu Songling chose to write about ghosts other than mortals, and through these ghost images, he reflected the prevailing reality at that time. In the case of the limited pen of the literati, ghosts became a substitute for writableness, and "ghosts" became the embodiment of people, a code name. This also reflects the true feeling of being on earth as purgatory.
Pu Songling's writing technique is unique, through the depiction of demons and monsters, he criticizes the imperial examination system, rebels against feudal etiquette, praises free love, and depicts the various states of life. "Strange Tales" may seem terrifying and terrifying at first, but when you taste it carefully, its mystery becomes obvious. Pu Songling used a distinctive romantic creative technique, with 331 articles involving ghosts, foxes, gods and monsters, which became the pinnacle of ancient Chinese short stories.
The fate of the two **].
Although "The Outer History of Confucianism" and "Strange Tales from Liao Zhai" did not enter the list of the four great masterpieces, this does not mean that their level is not enough. On the contrary, these two books are still well-known today. They are the products of the feudal era, but they transcend the times and embody the ideas that transcend the times. These works allow us to feel the wisdom of our predecessors, and make people feel the light of freedom of thought in the oppressive era. These classics will never go out of style, and even after another thousand years, people can still feel the brilliance of humanity from them.
Conclusion] These two ** may not have become the "Four Great Masterpieces", but their existence is not inferior to any one. Through "The Outer History of Confucianism" and "Strange Tales from Liao Zhai", we see the author's profound observation of social reality, as well as his unique insights into human nature and destiny. The fate of these two ** may not be as bumpy as the four famous novels, but it is precisely in the suffering that these works have given birth to such profound literary thinking and made them unique in the history of literature.
The Outer History of Confucianism and "Strange Tales from Liaozhai": the pearls in the masterpieces.
In this article, the author profoundly examines the two neglected classics, "The Outer History of Confucianism" and "Strange Tales from Liao Zhai", revealing their unique position in Chinese literature. First of all, the article interprets these two works from the perspective of the pinnacle of literature, emphasizing their excellent performance in depicting the world and the various situations of life.
The Outer History of Confucianism is endowed with a profound social satirical mission, and through the fate of Fan Jin and other characters, it shows the tragedy of students under the imperial examination system who fought for fame but eventually fell into degeneration. Wu Jingzi's satirical technique is clever and ingenious, and it does not directly insult, but through the description of the characters, it makes people reflect deeply on the corruption of society as a whole. This revelation of social ills makes "The Outer History of Confucianism" unique in literature, on a par with the four great masterpieces.
On the other hand, "Strange Tales from Liao Zhai" is based on the legend of ghosts and monsters, and through Pu Songling's vivid depiction of demons and monsters, it reflects the helplessness of the literati at that time and their unique insights into the world. Pu Songling's skillful use of romantic creative techniques makes ghosts no longer a simple evil force, but a symbol of social problems such as feudal etiquette and the imperial examination system. The creation of this ghost world has made "Strange Tales from Liaozhai" the pinnacle of ancient literary short stories.
While analyzing the two **, the article also thinks about the reasons why they failed to become the "Four Great Masterpieces". In the 80s, "Typical Theory of Adhering to Marxism" established the concept of "Four Great Masterpieces", but these two works were not selected due to factors such as the background of the times and the characteristics of the subject matter. The article emphasizes that this is not a denial of their literary value, but a choice in a specific historical context. This objective analysis helps readers to understand the status of "The Outer History of Confucianism" and "Strange Tales from Liao Zhai" more comprehensively, and transcends the narrow perception of the "Four Great Masterpieces".
Finally, the article begins with the "Conclusion" part, which once again emphasizes the uniqueness of these two parts. Through the revelation of the author's fate and creative background, readers can read "The Outer History of Confucianism" and "Strange Tales from Liaozhai" more deeply. The article cleverly uses the expression "the pearl in the famous book" to correct the names of these two works, so that readers have a new understanding of them.
In general, this review provides a full and in-depth analysis of the Outer History of Confucianism and Strange Tales from Liao Zhai, highlighting not only their literary and artistic uniqueness, but also their value and limitations in the social context of the time. This comprehensive and objective point of view enables readers to have a more comprehensive and profound understanding of these two **.
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