When it comes to the "Ice City", many people immediately think of the icy Harbin, and the Russian Autonomous Republic of Yakutia, located in the Arctic Circle, is also called the "Ice City".
Winters are particularly cold, with average temperatures below -30 degrees Celsius, and even temperatures at the coldest levelsIt drops to minus 65 degrees Celsius and is known as "one of the coldest cities in the world".
In winter, it is no exaggeration to say that people's exhaled breath can instantly turn into ice slag, and car tires are often frozen hard, as if they could be torn at any time, and even when walking, you have to be careful that the soles of your shoes are frozen and cracked.
But it is such a place that attracts tourists from all over the worldFrom beautiful natural scenery to unique low-temperature museums, there seems to be an adventure everywhere in Yakutsk, the most vibrant city in the Far East.
The city of Yakutsk is the capital of the Russian Autonomous Republic of Yakutia, located on the Siberian continent but also the scientific, cultural and economic center of the Sakha Republic.
At the same time, Yakutsk is the city that best represents the continental climate, and this is the reason for thisWinters in Yakutsk are cold and long, with temperatures reaching around -65 degrees Celsius at the most extreme times.
But its summers are unusually short, but the temperature can reach about 38 degrees Celsius at the most extreme time, which means that the difference between the minimum and maximum temperatures in Yakutsk can reach almost 100 degrees.
It is most appropriate to describe the weather in Yakutsk with "**double heavens", but such a "**double heavens" region has a permanent population of about 310,000.
It is rare to have a human presence due to other extreme weatherYakutsk, founded in 1632, is not only a complete industrial city, but also an industrial city, located about 8,468 kilometers from Moscow, the capital of Russia.
Despite the extreme weather, the city of Yakutsk is rich in diamonds, oil and other resources, which not only develop the economy of Yakutsk, but also provide employment opportunities for local residents.
It is said that Yakutsk was first discovered by Ukrainian Cossack explorers, and it was only after the discovery of gold in Yakutsk in the late 19th century that the city's construction was gradually perfected.
However, it is particularly difficult to build a city with good infrastructure on the land of Yakutsk, because the first thing the builders have to solve is how to lay the foundation.
The reason why the priority is given to the foundation is different from the average cityThe entire city of Yakutsk is located on permafrost, but the temperature difference between the "two heavens" will make a full 1The surface active soil layer of about 2 meters thaws in summer and freezes in winter.
Therefore, after careful consideration, the builders decided to use wooden piles to build the foundation, then insert the wooden piles under the movable soil layer, and then build the house 1 meter above the ground, so as to avoid the collapse of the house due to the melting of the land.
Considering the characteristics of the permafrost, the builders decided to lay all the water pipes on the road surface so that the huge temperature difference would not rupture the water pipes.
Not only that, but there is also a gas station where the pipes are laid to prevent the tap water from freezing, and in Yakutsk, all buildings have doors and windows that are layered to protect against the cold of winter.
Other than thatAll houses and municipal infrastructure in Yakutsk must be able to withstand snowstorms and extremely low temperatures, so all houses and buildings are insulated with insulation and structural reinforcements.
In order to ensure that they can survive the extreme and long winters, almost all people's houses are heated by geothermal heat.
At the coldest time of winter in Yakutsk, people can hear the sound of the air turning into ice and breaking when they breathe outside, and the fish caught from the river can be turned into a hard "sword" as soon as they come ashore.
In fact, as the oldest city in the Russian Far East, Yakutsk's initial development was mainly used as a collection and distribution of fur, leather, livestock and other items.
With the development of the industrial revolution, the natural resources of Yakutsk were also developed step by step, and gradually there were industrial productions such as timber mills, coal mines, and building materials factories in Yakutsk.
The unique geographical environment also makes Yakutsk one of the most important diamond producing areas in Russia, with nearly 20% of the world's diamonds coming from Yakutsk every year.
Winter in Yakutsk lasts from mid-October to mid-April, and about seven months of the year are spent in winter.
WhileThe average temperature throughout the winter is above -38 degrees Celsius, and the local residents are taking various measures to stay warm in such weather conditions.
For example, the aforementioned houses are built with special materials to make them stronger, which can be heated and insulated, and the local residents wear thick gloves, hats, and cold shoes when outdoors, and use firewood and coal in addition to gas to heat and cook on fires.
In winter, the roads become slippery due to snow and ice, and sometimes extreme weather can cause car tires to burst, so ground transportation in Yakutsk is often blocked, and the maintenance of the entire city is even more difficult.
In order to avoid the various dangers that come with winter, local residents should also take various measures, such as installing snow chains, strengthening segregated vehicles, and avoiding driving in bad weather.
In Yakutsk, the car must be kept in a warm garage, otherwise it will freeze and be completely unable to start, and due to the large temperature difference between indoor and outdoor, even going to the toilet in Yakutsk is a quick thing to complete.
Don't look at Yakutsk, although there is a big gap between the overall development of Yakutsk and Moscow, but inYakutsk has opened a number of flights to Russia and other countries around the world, including international flights from Harbin to Yakutsk.
Although the winter in Yakutsk is unusually cold, the Yakutsk people are all enthusiastic, and the local population is mainly divided into Yakuts, Evenks and Evenns, and the indigenous people of Yakutsk are not Caucasian in the traditional sense, but yellow people with similar skin color to the Chinese.
In addition, the local residents of Yakutsk are very proud of their national historical traditions, and there are many traditional cultural activities in the local area.
Historically, Yakutsk was the administrative center of the Russian Empire and one of the largest cities in Siberia.
As an ancient city, Yakutsk is very rich in underground resources, in addition to those oil, minerals and other energy sources, there are also many mammoth remains preserved in the thick permafrost of Yakutsk.
WhileThe Mammoth Museum in the center of Yakutsk contains the skeletal remains of these mammoths, as well as some ancient mammal specimens, and is the only museum in the world dedicated to mammoths.
After seeing the Mammoth Museum, you can also go to the National Art Museum in Yakutsk, which houses a variety of beautiful works of art from Russia and Yakutsk.
Paintings, sculptures, etc., the most famous of which are the local folk art traditions of the Yakut people.
Friends who like ** can also go to the Holmes Museum, that is, the mouth string museum, this small musical instrument popular in Asia, can also be seen in the cold "ice city", and there are special mouth string performances in the museum.
Yakutsk's local cuisine is also not to be missed, such as some delicious fish and reindeer meat, which are very popular in Yakutsk.
In fact, in addition to Yakutsk in winter, if you choose to go to Yakutsk when the weather is warm, you can paddle and play on the Lena River, the tenth longest river in the world, and you must know that the source of the Lena River is the northwest foot of the famous Baikal Mountains.
As you descend the Lena River, you will find the UNESCO World Heritage Site of the Lena River Columnar Rock Nature Park, which sits on both sides of the Lena River and looks like a Gothic castle with a forest of pinnacles.
The castle seems to have been carved over millions of years of history, with erosion, weathering, crustal movements, and drastic changes in temperature, as nature creatively shaped the Cambrian limestone into this impregnable wall.
Every year on the last weekend of June, Yakutsk residents gather in the village of Zhetai on the outskirts of Yakutsk to participate in the annual Ensach festival, which is also the traditional New Year in Yakutsk.
On this day, the local residents of Yakutsk celebrate the arrival of the New Year in costumes with prayers, singing and dancing, sports competitions, etc., which lasts for two daysPeople dance the Osuhasoi dance, which symbolizes the cycle of life.
The end of June was chosen as the New Year's Day because after the cold winter and the warm summer came, the local residents of Yakutsk welcomed the revival of everything and the rising of the sun in the most solemn and traditional way.
Temperatures above 30 degrees Celsius are more unbearable for Yakutsk locals with almost no air conditioning in the summer than in winters with the best heating systems.
In the eyes of many Yakutsk locals, summer is a weekend holiday, and winter is like a long and difficult working day, although summer as a weekend is not exactly beautiful.
In Yakutsk, the local population believes in the vitality of natureIn their hearts, no one can live in such harsh weather without a connection with nature, which is a creed that every local knows well.