Putonghua, also known as Modern Standard Chinese, is a standardized form of Beijing dialect as the basic dialect and Northern dialect as the basic dialect, taking into account dialects across the country.
As the official language of China, Mandarin has been popularized and used throughout the country and has become a bridge for exchanges between various ethnic groups. However, in the vast part of China, due to differences in history, culture, and geography, there are certain regional differences in the standard degree of Putonghua.
First of all, we need to be clear about what is "non-standard" Mandarin. The so-called non-standard refers to the deviation of pronunciation, intonation, word choice or grammatical structure from the standard Mandarin. These deviations may be influenced by native dialects or personal Xi.
In China, practice has proved that due to the unique geographical location, distinctive local culture or historical reasons, the dialects commonly popular by local residents have a certain influence on the standard pronunciation of Putonghua, making the fluency and standard degree of Putonghua relatively low.
Next, we can analyze where Mandarin may be less standard from several perspectives.
First of all, compared with the north, the popularity and standard of Mandarin in the southern region is relatively low.
For example, local dialects such as Hokkien in Fujian, Cantonese in Guangdong, and Wu in Shanghai all have strong local characteristics and are widely used in local society.
Strongly influenced by local dialects, local residents often have obvious dialect accents when using Putonghua, including differences in the use of tones, initials, finals and children's sounds, resulting in the pronunciation of Putonghua is not standard.
Secondly, in some remote areas inhabited by ethnic minorities, due to the low frequency of Putonghua use and the strong influence of local ethnic languages and cultures, local residents also have some difficulties in mastering and using Putonghua.
For example, in Xinjiang and other regions, due to the complex and diverse language environment, the standard level of Mandarin is relatively uneven.
In addition, there are some economically underdeveloped areas with relatively few educational resources, and the depth and breadth of Putonghua teaching and promotion are insufficient, which also leads to the substandard use of Putonghua by local residents.
The level of education and the allocation of resources have a direct impact on the popularization and standardization of Putonghua.
It should be pointed out that areas with low Putonghua standards do not mean that local residents' language expression skills are deficient, but that there is a gap between their language Xi and Putonghua standards.
When evaluating whether Putonghua is standard in a region, it should also look at its popularity and the strength of local ** to promote Putonghua.
With the continuous implementation of relevant policies and measures to vigorously promote Putonghua and improve the quality of its citizens in recent years, China is gradually entering an era of high popularity of Putonghua.
A large number of Putonghua training courses, Putonghua proficiency tests, the popularization of Putonghua and the guiding role of the education system are constantly narrowing the gap in Putonghua standardization between regions.
The rapid development of television, radio and the Internet** has greatly promoted the improvement of the standard pronunciation of Putonghua. The younger generation, in particular, is becoming more aware of the use of standardized Mandarin in education and the workplace.
In short, although there are differences in the standard degree of Putonghua in various parts of China due to the influence of geographical, historical, cultural and other factors, with the support of national policies and the development of advanced technology, the popularization and standardization process of Putonghua is accelerating. Through continuous education and practice, the use of Putonghua in China will tend to be more standardized and universal in the future.
Mandarin** is the least standard