The term of office of the county magistrate in the Qing Dynasty was several yearsDoes the governor have the power to appoint and dismiss the magistrate?
How long was the term of office of the Qing governor?When the post of Governor is vacant, it is the Ministry of Officials or the Provincial Governors who have the right to appoint themSome readers left two questions in the private message. Yushi thought that these two issues were more representative and more complicated, so he scanned the article.
Let's start by talking about the governor's task.
It is generally believed that the term of office of the Qing Dynasty local ** was three years, but this is not true. In the Qing Dynasty, all official positions were"Vacancies"Target. This is a very cumbersome and difficult concept to understand.
The vacancies are roughly divided into three categories: one is to fill the vacancies according to different identities, such as Manchuria, Mongolia, Han army, clan, interior, Han and so onThe second is to fill the gap along the river and along the river"Fill the gap in the frontier", remote ethnic minority areas and coastal areas"Smoke miasma fills the gap"Wait. Second, it varies from region to region, such as filling vacancies along the river, remote ethnic minority areas, and coastal areas"Fill in the gaps"、"Smoke miasma fills the gap", inland provinces"Miasma fills the gap"、"Fill the gap along the coast"、"Blizzard fills the gap"Wait. Third, it is different according to the application method of job vacancies, such as applying for vacancies, selecting vacancies, screening vacancies, selecting vacancies, etc.
The official tasks of civil servants are officially called"Full", and the tasks of the local ** can be divided into:"Sideways"with"Umbilical Cord"。"Bud salary"refers to civil servants serving in inland areas, while"Side salary"It refers to the shortage in the Miaojiang area, the miasma area and the coastal areas along the river.
According to the usual practice, each ** belly must be returned to the Criminal Department for course selection, five years, according to the routine, five years for those who have no political achievements;Each ** has to be full of three years, three years for those with political achievements, three years for those without political achievements, and then promoted and deployed according to the routine. At the same time, it is expected that the frontier ** will return to the interior for promotion after the completion of the salary, while the indigenous ** will wait for promotion in their own posts.
It is not difficult to understand that the term of office of the governor of the Qing Dynasty was three or five years. Generally speaking, though, the Qing dynasty had the most vacancies, so most governors served five-year terms.
Let us return to the question of the governor's power to appoint and dismiss.
The Qing Dynasty had more than 1,300 counties, and although they all came in seventh, each county was in a different location. The imperial court followed"Urgent, complicated, exhaustive, difficult"Divide it into:"Selection, verification, adjustment, guarantee, and selection"Five categories.
Specify vacancies"It mainly refers to remote provinces and regions, and the vacancy of the governor at the national level mainly refers to the department and provincial levels, not to the designated vacancy, mainly refers to the same knowledge and promotion of the two levels, because it does not refer to the designated vacancy at the provincial and district level.
This is the district's biggest disadvantage, especially"Noble, complicated, tiring, difficult"Four words are also three major disadvantages. Out of more than 1,000 counties in the country, only 93 have weak points.
In order to make a better impression, the Imperial History lists four of the most important shortcomings of the Qing rulers:
Shuntianfu: Daxing, Wanping (prefecture-affiliated county, county-level sixth);
Zhili Province: Qingyun County, Xian County, Tianjin County, Jinghai County, Qingxian County;
Shengjing: Chengde area, Tianjin area, Ningyuan area, Guangning area;
Jiangsu Province: Wuxian, Changzhou, Yuanhe, Wujin, Yanghu, Dantu, Danyang, Shanyang, Jiangdu, Ganquan;
Lingbi County, Anhui Province;
Shandong Province: Changqing County, Tai'an County, Teng County, Yanggu County, Enshi Prefecture;
Provinces such as Shanxi, Henan, Sichuan, and Guizhou do not have this plant;
Shaanxi Province: Chang'an County and Xianning County;
Gansu Province: Gaolan County, Ning County, Ningshuo County, Xining County, Wuwei County;
Pinghu County, Zhejiang Province;
Fujian Province: Min County, Houguan County, Fuqing County, Jinjiang County, Tong'an County, Longxi County;
Jiangxi Province: Shangrao County, Yushan County, Luling County;
Hubei Province: Hanyang District, Jiangling District;
Hunan Province: Hengyang area, Baling area, Wuling area;
Guangdong Province: Nanhai District, Panyu District, Gaoyao District;
Xuanhua County, Guangxi Province;
Kunming County, Yunnan Province.
More than 54 words belong to the area with the most vacancies, and more than 33 words belong to the area with the most vacancies and professional titles. In these areas, vacancies under the promotion provisions of the local Governor do not require the selection process of the Emergency Division when selecting candidates with professional titles and when requesting reappointment. This meant that there were no titles in the region, and the appointment was in the hands of the Governor.
Vacancy carryover, also known as carryover, mainly refers to the absence of three words, and there are also cases where there is an obvious lack of two words. In the event of a vacancy, it is chosen by the local governor of the province of each member. It should be noted that, unlike transfer, the Governor does not have to strictly abide by the principle of promotion and enrichment to fill vacancies, and all candidates and personnel can be included in the waiting list and can be handed over to the Ministry of Officials for evaluation and promotion. Whereas, therefore, the areas in which the appointment authority is filled are largely decided by the local governors.
Vacancies in the civil service due to leave, retirement, sickness, death, etc., are emergencies and appointments are the sole responsibility of the Governor, who may wait for the vacancy to be filled or may request the appointment of persons who need to be promoted or transferred.
Electoral vacancies are simple vacancies, usually by word of mouth or no by word of mouth, and the number of such constituencies is huge, with about 800 electoral vacancies in more than 1,000 constituencies across the country. In addition, there is a mobile button for electoral vacancies, appointed by the Ministry of Mission, reporting from the capital to the provinces.
From an institutional point of view, the appointment and dismissal of district chiefs raises the issue of decentralization between district chiefs and the Ministry of Justice. In practice, the Ministry of Justice often clashes with provincial governors in order to protect its limited power to appoint and dismiss personnel. At the same time, provincial governors are secretly vying with the Ministry of Justice for greater power.
It must be noted that the region to which the governor is appointed is not arbitrary, but must be transferred to a place where the title will be filled, where there is a vacancy, where there is a promotion, and the person to whom he is transferred must meet the conditions for the post.
Taking the most important shortcomings of the governor as an example, the governor is usually elected from the most important shortcomings of the current governor, and the shortcomings of the governor cannot be classified among the most important shortcomings of the governor, such as reserves, interests, etc., and the governor who does not perform the functions of the governor may be demoted once it is found that he has engaged in favoritism and abuse of power.
When determining the qualifications of a governor, the Qing Dynasty stipulated that only the appointment of **, jinshi, juren, gongsheng and officials could serve as governors. Among them, 74% are Jinshi and Juren, 16% are Gongsheng, and the remaining 10% are other ranks.