Scutellin is a flavonoid glycoside that is mainly used as an herbal supplement in Asian countries. Baicalin has a variety of beneficial biological activities, including anti-diabetic. Baicalin protects lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated intestinal cells from inflammation and alterations in paracellular permeability. In addition, in a neuron-astrocyte co-culture model, baicalin attenuates oxygen-glucose deprivation-induced damage by modulating the BDNF TRKB PI3K AKT and MAPK ERK1 2 signaling axes. It has been shown that baicalin prevents myocardial ischemia by inhibiting the ACSL4-mediated deferred reperfusion injury, which is consistent with the results, suggesting that baicalin inhibits deferred iron during intracerebral hemorrhage.
In addition, baicalin was reported to reduce liver weight, epididymal fat, and body weight (b.) in mice on a high-fat dietw.), suggesting that it is effective in reducing obesity and liver disease. In addition, baicalin can effectively prevent cardiovascular malformations, apoptosis and excessive production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) caused by hyperglycemia, and contribute to the healthy fetal development of pregnant women with gestational diabetes (Wang et al.).，2018）。The immunomodulatory effects of baicalin on inflammatory response and insulin resistance were confirmed using a mouse model of obesity induced by a high-fat diet. In addition, baicalin can maintain whole-body glucose homeostasis by increasing AMP-activated kinase (AMPK) and AS160 phosphorylation and glucose uptake in mouse adipocytes, highlighting its potential synergistic hypoglycemic effects (however, there are few studies on the use of baicalin in diabetic patients or for cancer prevention, while the mechanism by which baicalin hinders the progression of T2D to cancer is poorly understood.)
Although the inhibitory effects of baicalin and other flavonoid glycosides on diabetes or cancer models have been demonstrated for several years, there are several innovations in this study. First, although the link between T2D and cancer has been confirmed, the mechanism has not yet been clarified, and this project has revealed its molecular mechanism in depth. Secondly, the role of RNA M6A, a special gene of HKDC1, in regulating T2D-induced cancer development was studied for the first time. Thirdly, in vitro and in vivo T2D-induced hepatocellular carcinoma cancer models, the authors demonstrated the key structure-activity relationship between baicalin and its three analogues, indicating that flavonoid glycosides have the potential to be well used in clinical T2D-induced gastrointestinal cancers**. In addition, considering that baicalin and its analogues have low toxicity and low toxicity compared with chemotherapy drugs, they can be used in combination with chemotherapy drugs for clinical adjuvance.