Shang Shu did a good job, what kind of official was promoted?In-depth understanding of the promotion opportunities and difficulties of Zhengyipin
In the eighth year of Yongzheng, since the change of Manchuria, the Han scholars were first-class, the six Shangshu were first-class, and the scholars of Qianlong were ranked in the first grade. So far, the Qing Dynasty has university scholars, university associate professors, six books, and the imperial history of the left capital"Half-shift"Civil service. As for the first-class, three-duke, and three-orphan, except for the governor and governor, they do not belong to the civil official class because they are added to the rank of knight.
Do the math"Half a pret"But the number of civil servants is also very good: 5 university academicians (because Fu Hengzhi did not set up Baohedian University academicians, that is, 6 people), 1 co-organizer of the university Shimanhan, 1 Zhengzuodu Yushi Manhan, and 1 Zhengliubu Shangshu Manhan, a total of 21 people.
Under normal circumstances, five scholars generally cannot hold a meeting, generally only four, such as the 27th to 34th year of Qianlong, the vacancy of Wuyingdian scholars, and the first year of Qianlong, the cabinet of scholars is generally not adjusted. There are also special periods when there are only three university scholars.
According to the promotion system of civil servants, university scholars are free, and they are generally promoted by assistant university scholars and Zuodu Yushi Shangshu. So the question is, among the first products, the assistant university scholar, the scholar, and the left capital imperial history, which is the first?
The difficulty of the transition from the first product to the first product.
Liu Yong was an important minister of the Qianlong Dynasty, Qianlong was promoted to the imperial history of the left capital in the 46th year of Qianlong, and became the secretary of the Ministry during this period, but it was not until the second year of Jiaqing that Qianlong ** reluctantly promoted him to the rank of the Inspector of the Inspectorate, which is an official rank from a product to a product, and it took Liu Yong 16 years to reach this official rank.
Ah Gui served as the secretary of the Ministry of Labor Qianlong for 26 years, Qianlong Auxiliary Political University for 41 years, Wuyingdian University for 42 years, and 16 years before and after the University Scholar. The smash hit He Shen went from the Internal Affairs Office to the Wenhua Palace, and it was also six years.
Most of the above lists are celebrities in the Qianlong Dynasty, and it is even more difficult for Shilang to become a scholar. So, what is it that makes it so difficult to get a bachelor's degree?The reason is very simple, that is, the university scholars are strictly in and wide out.
So-called"Strict in and wide out", which can be understood as age grading, step by step. As mentioned earlier, there are only 5 places for bachelor's degree after Fu Heng, and the difference between bachelor's degree and other ** is that it must have corresponding qualifications and good background. Those with high seniority and prestige will be promoted in turn. Gui or Heshen may have privileges, but after all, they are not qualified enough to ascend to the sky in one step.
So-called"Strict out", which means that once the title is promoted to the Taishi, it is difficult to take it back, unless something goes wrong or the emperor is angry. In general, this is just to let time dry up and let the vacancy disappear. Strictly speaking, university academic"Caves"It's still too little, and it's still too much.
In addition, the university follows:"First come, first served"principles. For example, the Wuyingdian scholars who have been emptied of the Wenhua Hall are filled in the vacancies as usual, and the Wuyingdian scholars who are vacant by the Wenyuan Pavilion scholars are filled in the vacancies, and so on. It is generally accepted that a newly promoted bachelor's degree should initially be a Fellow of the lowest rank, then a Fellow of East Pavilion, and so on.
Therefore, it is difficult for a scholar to become a scholar in his life, and it is even more difficult to become a bachelor in Wenhua University.
The replacement of former and former scholars.
Shang Shu was not the first candidate for the Fellowship, but the co-chair of the Fellowship. Whether it is Ah Gui, He Shen or Liu Yong, without exception, they are all promoted to bachelor's degree first, and then to associate bachelor's degree. There is another example that is illustrative.
After the defeat of the First Sino-Japanese War, Li Hongzhang, the governor of Zhili and the minister of Beiyang, ended all appointments, leaving only the empty name of the scholar of Wenhuadian University. Li Hongzhang's political rival, Weng Tonghe, then Minister of Finance and Minister of Military Aircraft, wanted to replace him and tried to strip Li Hongzhang of his university degree.
Yuan Shikai, as Weng Tonghe's lobbyist, went to persuade Li Hongzhang, but was reprimanded by Li Hongzhang in person, saying that he would not die and would not resign as a scholar, so that Weng Tongyi had a chance.
In fact, Weng Tongyi didn't want to be the secretary of the university scholars' lecture academy, because he was only a minister of the interior and was not qualified at all. Weng Tongyi should ensure that Li Hongzhang continues to be free, so that the original bachelor's assistant can also be promoted smoothly, so as to become a veritable bachelor's assistant. This example tells us that in order to be promoted to the rank of Taishi, one must first overthrow the Deputy Taishi.
Shangshu and Zuo Taishi tied for second place. Why is there a tie?Because according to the usual practice, the ministers of the Criminal Department, the Ministry of War, and the Ministry of Industry rarely have the opportunity to be directly promoted to the Taifu, while the ministers of the Ministry of Officials, the Ministry of Households, the Ministry of Rites, and the Imperial History of Zuodu still have some opportunities. However, compared with them, the imperial history of Zuodu is not as good as the three books of officials, households, and rites, but it is better than the three books of soldiers, criminals, and workers. In fact, it is not uncommon for Shangshu to be directly promoted to a university scholar, unless he also serves as an associate university scholar.
This is not always the case when you are promoted from a class to a university scholar.
The Qing Dynasty Jingguan and local ** called the imperial examination during the Shunzhi period"Manchurian test", Yongzheng was later called"Beijing test"in order to pass the exam every three years. According to the usual practice, in the year of the Beijing test, the ministers above the third grade in Beijing should report directly to the emperor"Self-nomination"。
Due to"Exams"By examining only the performance of his duties, the emperor could be sure that under the noses of ministers above the third rank, he could see which people were doing well, which were well-trained, and which people were first in the emperor's heart. When you enter Beijing to meet the first and second grades, you will be promoted according to the rules, but this is more applicable to those below the third grade.
From Yipin's Shangshu University Scholar Assistant Academician, Zuodu Yushi, etc., there has been a bottleneck in promotion, and there are fewer opportunities for promotion, at best, it is the title of University Scholar Assistant Academician. However, the imperial court will also show goodwill, so there is"Title"。
Some of the junior scholars will be added to the three junior titles of the East Palace, and some of the senior scholars will be directly added to the Taibao. In addition to the title of Taibao, Shangshu and Zuodu Yushi are also nominally first-class officials. But this title is a fake after all, and it can never be compared with the first product of a university professor.